Legacies of historic land use as soil landscape components – Distribution, properties and functions of small anthropogenic relief features and soils in two catchments in Eastern Bavaria

人类对土地的利用往往会直接或间接地改变地表形态和土壤。小的人为地貌特征及其伴生的土壤对于研究土地利用历史和景观演变是有价值但被忽视的档案，而且通过其特定的生态立地条件影响当前的生态系统。这类土地利用遗产空间密度高的地区的特点是土地利用遗留土壤景观具有高度的土壤地层和属性的空间变异性。虽然越来越多的研究利用高分辨率数字高程模型(DEM)来研究人为地貌，但对土地利用遗留土壤的分布和性质仍存在显著的认识空白。该项目的主要目的是描述具有动态土地利用历史的林区历史土地利用遗产的空间分布、性质和生态功能。主要工作包包括：1)对土地利用遗留问题及其与自然和历史景观结构有关的解释进行大规模探测和绘图；2)绘制选定研究区土地利用遗留问题和参考土壤的情况图，并分析其与人为地貌特征有关的性质；3)评估土地利用对土壤和地形对土壤水分状况的影响。该工作方案结合了基于地理信息系统的数字高程模型分析和其他空间分布信息、沉积学和土壤学领域和实验室方法以及数值模拟模型的应用。该项目的研究区域包括北部巴伐利亚州的Vils河和Pfreimd河的集水区和邻近的林区。该地区悠久而动态的土地利用历史和多样的地质地貌为人为土壤景观的研究提供了充足的机会。将从DEM绘制整个研究区(约2000平方公里)的土地利用遗产图，与土地利用遗产相关的土壤属性的详细制图和分析将集中在六个研究区(10平方公里，研究区的三个地质亚区各两个研究区)，基于模型的土地利用遗产对土壤水分影响的分析将评估一个研究区和周围流域(&lt；100平方公里)。大比例尺测绘和小比例尺分析相结合的目的是评估土地利用遗留土壤在景观尺度上的相关性。

Human land use often results in direct and indirect modifications of surface morphology and soils. Small anthropogenic relief features and associated soils are valuable but neglected archives for the study of land use history and landscape evolution, and, moreover, affect current ecosystems through their specific ecological site conditions. Areas with a high spatial density of such land use legacies are characterized by a land use legacy soil landscape with a high spatial variability of soil stratigraphy and properties. While more and more studies make use of high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) to investigate anthropogenic geomorphology, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding the distribution and properties of land use legacy soils. The main aim of this project is to characterize the spatial distribution, properties and ecological function of legacies of historic land use in forest areas with a dynamic land use history. The main work packages comprise 1) a large-scale detection and mapping of land use legacies and their interpretation in relation to natural and historic landscape structures; 2) the mapping of land use legacy and reference soils and analyses of their properties in relation to anthropogenic relief features for selected study areas, and 3) an assessment of land use legacy soil and landform effects on soil moisture regimes. The work programme combines GIS-based analyses of DEM and additional spatially distributed information, sedimentological and pedological field and laboratory methods and applications of a numerical simulation model. The study region of the project comprises the catchments of the rivers Vils and Pfreimd in Northern Bavaria and adjacent forest areas. The long and dynamic land use history and the manifold geology and geomorphology of the area offer ample opportunities for research on anthropogenic soil landscapes. Land use legacies will be mapped from DEM for the total study region (~2000 km2), the detailed mapping and analysis of soil properties in relation to land use legacies will focus on six study areas (< 10 km2, two study areas for each of the three geologic sub-regions of the study region), and the model-based analysis of land use legacy effects on soil moisture will be assessed for one of the study areas and the surrounding catchment (< 100 km2). The combination of large-scale mapping and small-scale analyses aims at assessing the relevance of land use legacy soils at the landscape scale.