Evaluation of cerebral activity by means of measuring blood flow and physiological polytypism from the viewpoint of physiological anthropology

近年来，在生理人类学领域，为了利用近红外光谱(NIRS)来评估脑活动，人们通过对血流动力学变化的非侵入性测量来估计脑血流量。本研究从生理多极化的角度揭示了前额叶脑活动在技术适应性评价中的适用性。向受试者解释了实验的过程，并获得了他们的知情同意。我们发现血流动力学的变化可以分为五种不同的模式。近红外光谱显示了脑活动的相对变化。另一方面，时间分辨光谱(TRS)显示了个体大脑活动的绝对值。结果：1.积累了个体前额叶绝对脑活动的基础数据，并将脑活动测量应用于玩游戏、经营工业产品等。…前额叶活动绝对值更有经验的玩家在玩竞赛游戏时减少，这与先前使用正电子发射计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像的研究结果一致。我们研究了脑血流在评估操作工业产品的技术适应性方面的适用性。女性在多项选择中做出正确选择的速度较快，且前额叶脑电活动低于男性。我们研究了年轻人和老年人在驾驶过程中前额叶脑电活动的差异。在驾驶过程中，经验较少的年轻人比有经验的年轻人表现出更大的前额叶脑活动增加。老年人的前额叶脑活动在休息时低于年轻人，在驾驶过程中变化较小，虽然我们需要测量其他脑区以及前额叶区域等参数来从生理多型性的角度来研究技术适应性，但通过测量脑血流动力学变化来评估技术适应性是可能的。较少

Recently, cerebral blood flow has been estimated by non-invasive measurement of hemodynamic changes in order to evaluate the cerebral activity using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the filed of physiological anthropology. Present research was conducted to reveal the applicability of prefrontal cerebral activity to evaluate technological adaptability from the viewpoint of physiological polytipism. The procedure of the experiment was explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained from them.1. We revealed that hemodynamic changes could be divided into five different patterns. The NIRS shows relative changes of cerebral activity. On the other hand, the time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) shows the absolute value of individual cerebral activity. We accumulated the fundamental data of individual absolute prefrontal cerebral activity, and applied cerebral activity measurement for playing game, operating industrial products and etc.2. Absolute value of prefrontal activity of … More the experienced game player decreased while playing race game which consisted with the results of previous study using PET and fMRI.3. We investigated the applicability of cerebral blood flow in evaluating the technological adaptability for operating industrial products. Females showed to be quick in making decision to select the right one from the menu of many items and showed lower prefrontal cerebral activity than males.4. We investigated the difference of cerebral activity of prefrontal region between young adults and elderly during driving. The less experienced young adults display a greater increase in prefrontal cerebral activity than do the experienced young adults during driving. Prefrontal cerebral activity in elderly subjects is lower than that of young adults at rest and shows little variation than young adults during driving.Although, we need to measure other cerebral regions together with prefrontal region and other parameters to investigate technological adaptability from the viewpoint of physiological polytypism, it is possible to evaluate the technological adaptability by means of measuring cerebral hemodynamic changes. Less