Evaluation of function in Island and coral reef ecosystems with reference to the effect of human activities

从生态系统功能、动物生态学、森林生态学、环境化学、地质学、环境经济学和环境哲学等方面对冲绳岛和珊瑚礁生态系统的功能进行了综合分析。利用组织脂肪酸组成的生物标志物识别底栖动物的食物来源，在受人类活动影响的栖息地积累特征来源。栖息地的变化和人类活动的直接影响对猫科动物的生态和种群趋势产生了负面影响。另一方面，琉球飞狐可以利用城市化的环境扩大它们的分布。冲绳岛北部的亚热带常绿阔叶林由四层建筑组成。低层有较多的小树种，低层小乔木的物种多样性较高。大量红壤进入河水和海水后，溶液的pH值下降，溶液中的铝溶解，溶液中Na、K、Ca、Mg的浓度下降等化学特性。用重置成本法估算了珊瑚礁作为天然防波堤每年的经济价值约83,270,000,000。对一些海洋休闲场所的实况调查显示，从事海洋休闲活动的人和来冲绳参加这些休闲活动的游客对环境保护的导向很高，他们愿意为保护珊瑚礁买单。此外，地质学方面和哲学方面有助于讨论人类活动对珊瑚礁和岛屿生态系统的影响。

Integrated analyses including ecosystem function, animal ecology, forest ecology, environmental chemistry, geology, environmental economy, and environmental philosophy were conducted to evaluate the function of island and coral reef ecosystems in Okinawa. Food sources of benthic animals were identified using biomarkers of fatty acid profiles of tissue, which accumulated characteristic sources in a habitat affected by human activities.Habitat change and direct effects by human activities negatively affected the ecology and population trend of felid species, Iriomote cat. On the other hand, the Ryukyu flying-fox could extend their distribution by utilizing the urbanized environments.A subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in the northern part of Okinawa Island consisted of four architectural layers. The lower layers contained many species of smaller height High species diversity of the forest depended on the small trees in the lower layers. Therefore, it may be concluded that the conservation of the small trees in the lower layers, especially the bottom layer, is indispensable to maintain the high diversity of Okinawan evergreen broadleaf forests.When a huge amount of red soil flows into the river water and seawater, pH of the solutions decreases, Al dissolves from the red soil and concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg decrease in the solutions and other chemical characteristics in the system were clarified.Economic value of coral reef as natural breakwaters was estimated to be about \83,270,000,000 per year by Replacement Cost Method. A fact-finding research on some site for marine recreation showed that people who engage in marine leisure activities and tourists coming to Okinawa to join these recreations are highly oriented to environmental conservation, and they are willing to pay for protection of coral reefs. Also, geological aspects and philosophical aspects were useful for the discussion on the effect of human activities on coral reef and island ecosystems.