The Characteristics and the Significance of the Early Modern Nosho in the History of Scientific Technique

我们从全国各地的图书馆、地方史停尸房、博物馆、老家等处发现并收集了零星的Nosho著作，这些著作是用近代早期写成的关于农业技术的书籍和文献。这些作品被出版为《日本野修文集》(乡土文化协会出版)。这些主题和负责人被归类为：Nosho Study的概括，“特产”、“畜牧与兽医”、“开发与保留”、“插图Nosho”负责佐藤，“农技推广”、“学者Nosho”、“区域Nosho”、“农业日报”负责Tokunaga，“农村促进”、“灾害与重建”、“动植物自然史、饥荒救济”负责，“园艺”负责KIMIZUKA，“农产品加工”主管Ehara，“林业”主管…更多的是加藤，而《渔业》是负责IT.我们在这个业务年度对作品进行了概括。主要内容如下：佐藤从江户的角度阐明了江户形成的社会背景和江户时代的总体风尚。Tokunaga借鉴了早期现代Nosho的作品，考虑了循环(Tsukuri-mawashi)和平均化(Tsukuri-Narashi)的思想。江户还指出，近代以来的发展导致了日本早期的灾难，市场经济的渗透恶化了社会对灾难的容忍度。Ehara清楚地展示了食品加工业技术的特点，特别是在大豆上。通过对园艺书籍的分析，阐明了近现代园艺文化的形成和发展。加藤将近代的森林利用制度分为三个阶段，解决了林业技术的建立问题。伊藤澄清说，在近现代早期的渔业书籍中，可以发现从自然历史到基于观察和科学的理解的转变。较少

We have found and collected scattered works of Nosho, which are books and documents on agricultural techniques written in early modern, from various libraries, local history morgues, museums, old families and etc., of all over the country. And those works have been brought out as "Collected Works of Japanese Nosho" (published by Rural Culture Association). Those themes and person in charge are classified as follows : Generalization of Nosho study, "Special Products", "Stockbreeding and Veterinary Surgeon", "Development and Reservation" and "Illustrated Nosho" are in charge of SATO, "Extension of Agricultural Techniques", "Nosho by Scholars", "Regional Nosho" and "Daily Record of Agriculture" are in charge of TOKUNAGA, "Promotion of Rural Villages", "Disaster and Reconstruction" and "Natural History of Animals and Plants, Relief of Famine" are in charge of ETOH, "Horticulture" is in charge of KIMIZUKA, "Processing of Agricultural Products" is in charge of EHARA, "Forestry" is in charge … More of KATO, and "Fishery" is in charge of ITO.We made a generalization of works in this business year. The main contents are follows : SATO clarified the social background of formation of Nosho and the general fashion of the Edo era from the perspectives of Nosho. TOKUNAGA took into considered the idea of circulation (tsukuri-mawashi) and the idea of averaging (tsukuri-narashi) by following works of early modern Nosho. ETO elucidated that the development had caused the disasters in the early modern Japan and the penetration of market economy deteriorated the social tolerance towards disasters. EHARA showed the characteristic of the techniques of food processing industry clear, especially on soybeans. KIMIZUKA clarified the formation and the development of gardening culture in the early modern, by analyzing horticulture books. KATO solved the establishment of forestry techniques by dividing those forest utilization systems of early modern into three stages. ITO cleared up that, about fishery books written in the early modern, there could be found the conversion of understanding from the natural history to that based on observation and science. Less