SPECIAL RESEARCH OF ECOSYSTEM IN THE INSTITUTE FOR NATURE STUDY

这些研究的主要目的是在自然研究所开展对生态系统的研究。被城市环境包围的国家科学博物馆。这项研究包括研究所内的动植物协会，以及大气、土壤和水平衡等无机环境。此外，这些调查旨在展示过去20年间的过渡，比较这一时期所做的调查。结果如下。泥土中的花粉分析揭示了森林从古到今的历史变迁。120年来收集的气候资料表明，气温升高，湿度下降。特别需要指出的是，验证了在热岛的影响下，暖区的毛果类、蕨类、粘菌类、鸟类和蝴蝶等物种已经发生了入侵和排泄。此外，对无机物…的探索更多的IC环境带来了下面的事实。水平衡确保了防渗层抬升导致的流出水量的增加。在土壤重金属中，镍和铅没有转化，但铜和锌的含量比以前高。植物群落调查证实，随着自然研究所森林过渡进程，常绿乔木增多，而向日葵、杂草、灌木等野草有减少的趋势。在植物区系中发现了真菌和甲螨的新种，地衣、蜘蛛和甲螨是日本的新记录种，观察到了蕨类、粘菌、蜘蛛和蛾类的稀有种。与以往的研究相比，蕨类、粘菌、鸟类、陆生蜗牛、球虫科等略有增加。另一方面，苔藓类、多足类、寡毛类、蝴蝶、蛾类的数量减少。直翅目、蜻蜓数量明显减少。这一转变的原因可能与调查的准确性有关，但由于拥有更多的常绿森林而导致的环境转变，以及城市化邀请的自然研究所研究的孤立，被认为是这些转变的主要因素。较少

The main purpose of these studies is to carry out research into the ecosystem in the Institute for Nature Study. National Science Museum, which is surrounded by urban environment. This research includes the plant and animal association in the Institute, and also the inorganic environment like atmosphere, soil and water balance. Also these investigations intend to demonstrate the transition during the past 20 years comparing the surveys done in this period.The results are as follows. The pollen analysis in mud develops the historical change of the forest from the ancient time to the present day. The climatic data gathered over a span of 120 years shows rise in air temperature and fall phenomenon of humidity. Especially it is important to point out that it is verified that under the influence of the heat island the invasion and ecesis of the species of warm district of Trachycarpus, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, Aves and butterflies have occurred.Besides this, the exploration of the inorgan … More ic environment bring out the facts below. Water balance makes sure the increase of an outflow of water as a consequence of rise of impermeability layer. Among the soil heavy metal, it is observed that there are no transformation in nickel and lead, but higher content in copper and zinc than before. According to the survey the dust fall is proved to be changeless.The plant community investigation confirmed that there are more evergreen trees with the transition progress at forest in the Institute for Nature Study, on the other hand the wild grass of sun plant, ruderal plant and shrub tend to reduce. The remarkable decrease in Aucuba that have clumped in shrub layer make a interesting contrast with increase by 10 times in Acea palmatum.In the Fauna and Flora, the new species of the fungi and oribatid mites are recorded, several species of lichens, spiders, and oribatid mites are newly recorded in Japan, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, spiders and moths of rare species were observed. Comparing the previous research, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, Aves, land snails, Coccoidae show the slight increase. On the other hand Bryophytes, Myriapoda, Oligochaeta, butterflies, moths diminish in numbers. The Orthoptera, dragon flies demonstrate remarkable decrease. The cause of this transition can be related to the accuracy of the survey, but the environmental transition caused by having more evergreen forest and the isolation of the Institute for Nature Study invited by urbanization are thought to be the major factor in these transitions. Less