A Sociological Study of "YOSEBA"

Yoseba是日本提供日工的黑市。大坂釜崎地区、东京三亚地区和横滨寿木町地区是典型的“与世场”和日工住宿城市。他们在日本被称为“Doya-Gai”。日本的许多大城市都有没有日工住宿的“与世场”。“与世场”分布在日本城市的各个角落，是日本城市社会的歧视区。“Yoseba”的日工被称为“Romusha”或“Furosha”，面临歧视。他们是对“Yoseba”-劳动和无家可归的人在日本的贬义词。他们被贴上了许多不同的柱头。他们的污名可归纳为以下六个方面：1.生活过程中的卑贱性2.就业的不安全性3.流浪性4.就业的闲散性5.生活过程中的随意性6.人性和人格的自卑这些污名相互关联，有一个固定的结构。上述六种类型都符合无家可归者歧视的污名。首先，无家可归的人大多是单身男性。第二，他们中的许多人都是老年人。第三，在“与世场”中，许多人是活跃的临时工和一次性临时工。近年来，无家可归者的数量不断增加，已成为日本大城市的一个重要社会问题。本文旨在探讨城市下层阶级理论，即随着后工业化的结构转型，劳动力市场的变化导致了无家可归者的增加。通过讨论“Yoseba”的结构-歧视，我希望明确的情况下，歧视已经变得更糟。

Yoseba is the black market for supplying day-labor force in Japan. Osaka Kamagasaki area and Tokyo Sanya area and Yokohama Kotobuki-Cho area are the typical "Yoseba" and the day-laborers' lodgings town. They are called "Doya-Gai" in Japan. Many of big cities in Japan have "Yoseba" without day-laborers' lodgings town. "Yoseba" are scattered all over the city in Japan.Yoseba is discriminated area in Japanese urban society. The day-labors in "Yoseba" are called "Romusha" or "Furosha" and face discrimination. They are derogatory terms against "Yoseba"-labor and Homeless people in Japan. They are labeled with many various stigmas. Their Stigmas can be characterized in the following six categories.1.lowly character in process of life2.insecurity as regards employment3.vagrancy4.idle character as regards employment5.arbitrariness in process of life6.inferiority in humanity and personalityThere is fixed structure with these various stigmas interrelated. The above-mentioned six categories are conformed to the Homeless discrimination as their stigmas.Homeless people in Japan have three characteristic points. First, the most of homeless people are single men. Second, many of them are advanced in age. Third, many of them consist of the active day-labor and the onetime day-labor in "Yoseba".Recently the number of homeless people has increased and been regarded as an important social problem in Japanese big cities. In this paper I aim to discuss the theory of urban-underclass that the change of labor market with the structural transition to post-industrialization has caused an increase of the Homeless. And by discussing the structure of "Yoseba"-discrimination I hope make clear that the situation has grew worse by the discrimination.