Comparative Constitutional Research about Making up of the Civic Public Sphere in the Network Society -by Analyzing of Multi Media, NPO, Political Parties and Community-

在本研究中，我们试图从比较宪法的角度对“公民公共领域”进行分析。宪法理论设定了政治行为者(例如。多媒体、非营利组织、政党、社区)不是进入国家领域，而是进入私人领域。我们提出了公民公共领域的新概念，即这些行为者在私人领域和国家领域之间的行为。这一研究需要外国宪法专家和这些行为者的合作。我们在三年的时间里召开了7次密集的会议，研究了每个国家和每个行动者的宪法问题，然后从整体上对主题进行了全面的分析。例如，我们的成就如下：就国家之间的比较而言，一方面，在英国，传统上由非国家、非法律因素支撑的“公民社会”秩序，但最近，这种秩序遭到了破坏，特别是在撒切尔主义之后。另一方面，在德国，近年来非国家“公共领域”被“合法化”。从总体上分析，问题是为什么人们可以说“公民公共领域”“公共”？从社会性别分析的角度来看，有必要重构“公共”和“私人”的二元论。在这三年里，我们明确了现代民主国家如英国、美国、德国、法国、意大利、奥地利、瑞士和日本等国家普遍存在的公共领域的宪法结构和主要问题。

In this research, we have tried to analyze "Civic Public Sphere" in view of comparative Constitution. Constitutional Theory had set political actors (ex. multi media, NPO, political parties, community) not into state sphere, but into private sphere. We have taken a new concept of "Civic Public Sphere", in which these actors act, between private and state sphere.This research required cooperation of specialists about foreign Constitution and those actors. We had 7 intensive conferences for 3 years, and we studied constitutional problems about each country and each actor, and then we made total analysis about the theme as a whole.Our achievements are, for example, bellow :As to comparison between countries, on one hand in England, order of "civil society" has been supported by non-state, non-legal elements traditionally, but recently this order has been destroying, especially after Thatscherism. On the other hand in Germany, non-state "public sphere" has been "legalized" in these years.As to total analysis, it is the problem why man can say "Civic Public Sphere" "public"? From a viewpoint of gender analysis, it is necessary to restructure the dualism of "public" and "private".(cf. "REFERENCES" of next page)For this 3 years, we have made clear Constitutional structure and main problems about public sphere, which are common to modern democratic countries, for example England, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and Japan.