Research on controlling the climatic environment for enhancing the comfort in urban living spaces

主要从环境和人两个方面对气候环境的控制进行研究，以提高城市居住空间的热舒适性。环境方面：由于城市区域的室外环境是由多种复杂的元素组成的，其热环境的清晰性是非常困难的。首先，作者提出了简化建筑形状和分布的街道街区模型，用于估算城市室外热环境轮廓；其次，对冲绳县那霸市中心城区热环境进行了实地调查。将实测气温与上述街区模型估算的天空因子进行比较，结果表明，街区内的气温随天空因子的增加而降低。第三，采用比例尺、实际建筑物和街道模型以及提出的简化模型进行风洞试验。估计地表附近的风环境需要进一步的研究。人体方面：服装是人体自身在室外环境中调节热舒适最有用、最独特的手段。首先，通过主观实验考察服装的不同对生理和心理反应的影响。然后，通过对步行者的问卷调查和气候环境因素的测量，每隔一个月在福冈市中心对实际穿着的服装进行实地调查。根据福冈气象台观测到的日平均气温和人的年龄分别推导出男女服装保温系数的方程。将该方程应用于其他研究人员进行的研究显示出良好的一致性。在不同纬度和气候的那霸也进行了类似的调查。将福冈导出的方程应用于那霸的数据表明，女性的估计值略高于男性的实测值，这一点非常吻合。少

The research has been conducted mainly from two aspects, that is, environmental aspect and human aspect, on controlling the climatic environment aiming at enhancing thermal comfort in urban living spaces. Environmental aspect: Since the outdoor environment in the urban area is composed of a lot of various and complicated elements, it is very difficult to make its thermal environment clear. First, the authors proposed the modelling of the street block with simplification of the building shape and distribution and the street for estimation of the outline of the urban outdoor thermal environment. Second, field surveys were conducted on thermal environment in the urban central area of Naha, Okinawa. Comparing the air temperature measured to the sky factor estimated by the street block model proposed above, the tendency was shown that the temperature decreases as the sky factor increases in the concerned block. Third, the wind tunnel tests were conducted by using the scale, model of actual … More building and street and the simplified model proposed. The further examination will be required for estimating the wind environment near the ground surface.Human aspect: The clothing is the most useful and unique means for adjusting thermal comfort in the outdoor environment that the human being itself owns. First, subjective experiments were carried out for examining the influence of difference of clothing on physiological and psychological response. Then, field surveys on the clothing ensemble actually worn were conducted in the urban central area of Fukuoka every other month through a year by means of questionnaires to walkers and measurements of climatic environmental factors. The equations for predicting clothing insulation from the daily mean temperature observed at Fukuoka Meteorological Observatory and the age of a person were derived independently for male and female. The application of this equation to the studies conducted by other researchers showed the good agreement. The similar surveys were conducted in Naha with different latitude and climate. The application of the equation derived in Fukuoka to the data in Naha showed the excellent agreement for female, with slightly higher estimations than the measured values for male. Less