Children's musical creativity in developmental perspectives

在第一年，我们回顾了音乐创造力发展的文献，并以广岛、鸟取和山梨县的小学和初中音乐教师为对象进行了调查。此外，在广岛县和鸟取县的2年级和4年级的音乐教室中，也观察了创作活动。第二年，在各都道府县的1年级、4年级和7年级（鸟取县1年级、4年级和山梨县1年级、4年级）进行了多个现场的个案研究。在这些研究中，每个音乐教室的学生被分成四到五人一组，并被要求创作一段一分钟长的音乐作品，用编钟和木槌表达他们的课堂老师。每堂课中一个特定小组的小组讨论在整个课程中都被录像。所有小组都要在同学面前表演两次：一次是分享草稿，另一次是展示最终版本。为了揭示儿童在小团体中创作音乐作品的发展差异，本研究通过对小组讨论录像进行行为编码，分析了小组成员之间的言语和手势交流。第三年，我们对60首儿童创作的音乐作品和另外3首大学生创作的音乐作品进行了四音音阶的评价。

In the first year, we reviewed the literature in the development of musical creativity, and conducted a survey targeted to elementary and junior-high school music teachers in Hiroshima, Tottori, and Yamanashi Prefectures. We also observed creative activities in music classrooms of Grades 2 and 4 in Hiroshima and Tottori Prefectures.In the second year, we conducted multiple site case studies across and prefectures grades (grades 1,4, and 7 in Tottori, and grades 1 and 4 in Yamanashi). In these studies, students in each music classroom were divided into a group of four or five, and were asked to create a one-minute long music piece expressing their classroom teacher, using chime bars with mallets. Group discussions of one particular group in each class was videotaped throughout lessons. All groups performed in front of their classmates twice : once to share a draft version and then to present their final version. We analyzed verbal and gestural exchanges among group members by means of behavioral coding of videotaped group discussions to reveal developmental differences in how children create a music piece in a small group.In the third year, we evaluated total of 60 final versions of music created by children and 3 additional pieces creative by college students using the same four-tone scales.