Kommunal waste management and local public management in Japan and Germany

本研究的主要目的是在“循环社会制度”制度化后，通过对德国和日本案例研究的比较调查，揭示自治团体公共废物处理的传统领导结构变化。本研究以地方公共管理为中心，分为以下三个子主题。市政废物管理的融资制度。为了比较德国收费制度和日本税收制度的特点，我们分析了垃圾回收对垃圾量和垃圾收费变化的影响，以及与其他公共服务相比，垃圾融资制度的优缺点。在德国和日本的不同背景下，考察了垃圾处理费作为经济工具和金融工具的效果和前景。公共废物管理的组织形式和私有化/自由化。受地方废物管理私有化的影响，德国的城市废物管理的组织形式非常多样化。为了理解向私营部门的转变，例如德国和欧洲的外部委托或PFI或PPP，使用了两个自由化概念，市场竞争和市场竞争，即竞争性招标。我们分析了bde模型、sru模型、垄断者-委员会模型、bifa模型，并通过描述废物服务和废物收集和废物处理之间的成本结构来得出结论。公共废物管理比较调查的基准。德国制定了公共部门的基准，鼓励地方政府有效地改善废物管理，而不是在市场上竞争。我们调查了平田市、佐世保市和福冈市两种类型的INFA和BIfA标杆管理案例。现在我们开始在关东的其他城市引入标杆管理，我们可以在当地的废物管理中发展日本式的标杆管理。少

The main purpose of this study is to throw light on the structural change of traditional leadership of self-governing body's public waste disposal after institutinalisation of "circulated social system", specially based on the comparative survey of case studies in Germany and Japan. This reseach is composed of the following 3 sub-themes forcussmg on the local public management.1.The financing system of waste management in municiparity.In order to compare characteristics between fee system in Germany and tax system in Japan, we analysed impact of changes on waste volumes and waste fee by recycling, and merit and demerit of eash financing systems compared with the other public services. After mat policy's effect and prospects or the waste disposal fee's als economical instrument or als financial ones are surveyed in each kontext of Germany and Japan.2.The organisationforms and privatisation/liberalisation of kommunal waste management.the organization forms of municipal waste management i … More n Germany is very diversified by impact of privatisation of local waste management. In order to understand the transformation to the private sector, such as external consignment or PFI or PPP in Germany and Europe, two concepts of liberalisation are used, competition in-the-market and competition for-the-market Known as competitive tendering. And there are several models of liveralisation based on these two concedpts in Germany We analysed BDE-modell, SRU-Modell, Monopol-Kommission, BIfA-modell, and conclused by characterising of the waste services and cost-structure between waste collection and waste disposal.3.Benchmarking for komparative survey of kommunal waste management.In Germany benchmarking in public sectors are deveroped als the incentives on local governments to improve waste management efficiently, instead of kompetition in-the-market. We surveyed case studies of two types Benchmarking of INFA and BIfA in Hirakata-shi, Sasebo-shi and Fukuoka-shi. Now we start to introduce Benchmarking to another cities in Kanto, and we could develop the Japanese-Type or Benchmarking in locar waste management. Less