Development of Super-Compact and High-Speed Optical Parallel Correkttor for Facial Recognition

随着信息技术的进步，计算机和互联网系统已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。除了电子商务在经济生活中的增长，文化生活也开始发生变化，例如远程教育服务的引入，在线学习。然而，在这些有利的情况下，保护信息免受非法访问的安全性需求也相应增加。这些系统中的任何错误都可能给我们的社会带来严重的风险。因此，个人身份识别技术越来越受到人们的认可。在其他特征中，“脸”是最熟悉的元素，作为安全控制手段较少受到心理阻力。利用这一点，自20世纪70年代以来，在数字图像处理技术领域，面部图像一直是研究的主要对象之一。然而，仍有许多技术课题正在研究中，例如处理变化的方法……由于采集时姿势的变化以及光照条件的变化，面部图像和表情会发生更多变化。作者提出了一种利用多通道并行JTC （RJTC）的新方案，通过使用衍射型多级带板阵列（MLAZPA）来扩展单通道JTC，从而更好地利用空间并行性。然后通过增加前后数字处理，实现了混合人脸识别系统。在符合生物特征认证准则的一比一相关实验中，这两种用于人脸识别的紧凑光学平行相关器（COPaC II由COPaC改进：20x24x43 cm^3, 6 kg，吞吐量为6.6 faces/s）在错误拒绝率和错误接受率方面的错误率均小于1%。结果表明，COPaC II适用于计算机登录和家庭入口安全。由K. Iga于1977年提出的垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）具有工作阈值低、电光转换效率高、发射分布呈圆形、安装方便、二维集成等特点，在光通信和光信息处理领域具有潜在的应用前景。VCSELs具有优异的单模特性，可用于光学传感。这些微型激光器有望在许多未来技术中发挥重要作用。本研究介绍了一种使用该光源模块构建的小型光学并行人脸图像识别系统，该系统提供稳定、高速、高精度的识别。介绍了一种用于人脸识别的光学并行相关器的二维光源模块的设计和试制。光源模块由垂直腔面发射激光阵列和多级区板阵列作为准直透镜组成。该模块的尺寸约为传统光源模块的1/10，光并行相关器的尺寸为16。1 × 13 × 23 cm^3，重4.4kg，通量为19面/s。在对该系统进行一对一关联的实验评估中，使用300个正面面部图像的数据库，错误匹配率和错误不匹配率均小于1%。因此，本文介绍的光学系统对面部表情的各种变化具有鲁棒性，并且在安全系统中具有很高的适用性。这些结果将为下一代安全系统打开大门。少

With the progress of information technology, the computer-and the internet-systems have become indispensable in our daily lives. In addition to the growth of electronic commerce in economic life, cultural life begins to be changing by such as the introduction of distance education services, ore-learning. Under these beneficial circumstances, however, the need for security to protect the information from illegal accesses is proportionally increased. Any mistake in these systems could incur serious risks in our society. For this sake the technology of personal identification is increasingly recognized. Among other features, "face" is the most familiar element and less subject to psychological resistance as means of security control. Making use of this, since the 1970s in the field of the digital image processing technology, facial images have been one of the primary subjects to be examined. However there are still many technical subjects under study, such as methods for dealing with vari … More ation in the facial image and expression as a result of postural changes at acquisition as well as variations in lighting conditions.The authors have proposed a new scheme using a multi-channel parallel JTC (RJTC) as a means of making better use of spatial parallelism through the use of a diffraction-type multi-level zone-plate array (MLAZPA) to extend a single channel JTC. A hybrid facial recognition system was then realized by adding pre and post digital processing. In a one-to-one correlation experiment conforming to the guideline of biometrics authentication, these two compact optical parallel correlators for facial recognition (COPaC II improved by COPaC: 20x24x43 cm^3, 6 kg, throughput time of 6.6 faces/s) achieved an error rate of less than 1% in terms of both the false rejection and false acceptance rates. From results, the COPaC II was verified to be applicable to computer login and home entrance security.The vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) proposed by K. Iga in 1977 has several remarks such as low-threshold operation, high electro-optical conversion efficiency, a circular emission distribution, easy mounting, and two dimensional integration, and as such is potentially applicable in optical communications and optical information processing. VCSELs are applicable in optical sensing using coherence with excellent single-mode characteristics. These tiny lasers can be expected to have an important device in many future technologies.This research introduces a compact optical parallel facial image recognition system providing stable, high-speed, high-precision recognition constructed using this light source module. The design and trial fabrication of a two-dimensional light-source module is presented for application to an optical parallel correlator for facial recognition. The light-source module is composed of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser array and a multi-level zone-plate array as a collimating lens. This module is about 1/10 the size of conventional light source module and the optical parallel correlator has size of 16. 1x13x23 cm^3 and weight 4.4kg, and a throughput time of 19 faces/s. In an experimental evaluation of the system through one-to-one correlation using a database of 300 front facial images, the false match and false non-match rates were less than 1%. The optical system presented here is therefore robust toward a variety of changes in facial expressions and is highly applicability in security systems. These results will open the door to the next class of security systems. Less