Elucidation of Environmental and human body burden by Brominated Flame Retordants in Japan

目前，关于多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)和三溴苯酚(2，4，6-TBP)在日本环境和人类环境中的存在情况知之甚少。首先，研究了大阪湾养殖鱼类长期样品(1986~1999年)中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)污染随时间的变化。在1988年和1989年的样品中观察到明显的污染，每克脂肪含量超过400 ng。但从1990年开始，乌鱼的蓄积量逐渐下降，1999年的蓄积量降至5%左右，与的最大蓄积量相比，大和河边采集的乌鱼样品也有类似的趋势。1987年和1999年对乌鱼的比较研究也发现了类似的现象，因此，HxBDE同系物的异构体比例随着时间的变化而相对增加。上述观察结果支持…1990年，更多的二溴联苯醚同系物被禁止申请工业原料，日本的二溴二苯醚消费量也逐年下降(数据未显示)。接下来，还测定了12名初产妇产后一个月母乳中多溴二苯醚的浓度，以确定饮食中的多溴二苯醚水平与人类水平之间的关系。在母乳中，Σ多溴二苯醚浓度在668至2,840 pg/g脂肪基础上，与瑞典和其他地方报告的哺乳妇女的水平相当。母乳中的多溴二苯醚浓度与鱼和贝类的饮食摄入量之间有很强的正相关关系，这是通过对一份关于食物消费习惯的问卷的回答在妇女中建立起来的。这项对日本常见食用食品的研究结果以及在哺乳妇女中发现的含量引起了人们对鱼类和其他供人类食用的食品中低水平多溴二苯醚污染的担忧。此外，在奶粉中也观察到高浓度的多溴二苯醚。较少

At present, little is known about the occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) and Tribromophenole(2,4,6-TBP) in the environment and human of Japan, First, the time-dependent alteration of PBDEs contamination observed in the long-term stock-fish samples(Japanese sea bass ; 1986-1999) from Osaka Bay was investigated. A remarkable pollution was observed in the samples of 1988 and 1989, showing over 400 ng/g fat bases. However, It was found that such accumulation levels gradually decreased from 1990, and the accumulation level in the sample of 1999 reduced to about 5%, comparing with that of 1989 as the maximum level, Similar tendency was also observed in the samples of Grey mullet, collected at the mouse of Yamato River. Similar phenomenon was also recognized by the comparative studies of grey mullet of 1987 and 1999, Thus, the isomer ratios of HxBDE congeners were relatively increased with time alteration. The above observation was supported that … More PeBDEs congener prohibited applying for the industrial materials in 1990, and DeBDE consumption also decreased year after year in Japan(data not shown). Next, the concentrations of PBDEs in the breast milk of 12 primiparae nursing women at one month after delivery also were determined to ascertain the relationship between the levels found in the diet and levels in humans. In human milk, ΣPBDE concentrations ranged between 668 and 2,840 pg/g lipid basis, which is comparable to the levels in populations of nursing women reported in Sweden and elsewhere. There was a strong positive relationship between-PBDE concentrations in human milk and dietary intake of fish and shellfish, which was established in the women from responses to a questionaire on food consumption habits. The results of this study of food products commonly consumed in Japan and the levels found in nursing women raises a concern about low level PBDE contamination of fish and other foods intended for human consumption. Further, high concentration of PBDEs hi the powder milk was also observed in the powder milk. Less