Comparative study of regional ecology of immigrant society and host society with special reference to the adaptive strategy and preadaptation

在全球化时代，人们跨越国界的流动加速，人类的和平共处是一个具有挑战性的问题。移民及其社区在东道国社会的背景下带来了各种各样的地理现象。本研究旨在探讨移民为在东道国社会中生存而采取的适应策略，评估移民群体的预适应程度，并分析东道国社会对移民施加的各种压力。美国是一个典型的多种族、多文化社会，本研究选择美国作为个案研究对象，试图从比较的角度来理解美国的个案。地理实地研究主要以加利福尼亚州洛杉矶大都会区为研究对象，研究的流动主题为：洛杉矶大都会区的区域结构、移民的职业结构与经济组织、移民的社会行为与社会组织、移民的文化组织与文化传承、移民的土地利用与文化景观、移民的住房与民族景观。由于产业构成的变化，大都市区的城市结构发生了变化，而1965年《移民法》颁布后，大量来自亚洲和拉丁美洲的新移民改变了居住结构和城市景观，增加了种族多样性。洛杉矶大都市区的种族特征被仔细地记录下来，并对日本、中国、德国、荷兰、葡萄牙和西班牙裔等移民群体进行了案例研究。这些研究表明，地理案例研究的积累对于理解多种族-多元文化社会具有重要意义，而开展全球比较研究需要构建概念框架。

At the age of globalization when the movement of people crossing national boundaries is accelerated, peaceful coexistence of human beings is a challenging issue. Immigrants and their communities bring about a variety of geographic phenomena in the context of host society. This study attempted to investigate adaptive strategies that immigrants adopted in order to survive in the host society, to evaluate the degree of preadaptation of immigrant groups, and to analyze various pressures that host society exerted on immigrants. The United States of America, a typical multiracial and multicultural society, was chosen for case studies while attempting to understand American cases with in comparative perspective. Geographic field studies were conducted mainly in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the state of California on the flowing themes : regional structure of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, immigrants' occupational structure and economic organizations, immigrants' social behavior and social organizations, immigrants' cultural organizations and cultural succession, immigrants' land use and cultural landscape, and immigrants' housing and ethnic landscape. Urban structure of the metropolitan area has been modified due to the changes took place in the industrial composition, while massive new immigrants from Asia and Latin America following the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1965 have transformed the residential structure and urban landscape and increased ethnic diversity. Ethnic features of the Los Angeles metropolitan area were carefully documented, and case studies were conducted on such immigrant groups as Japanese, Chinese, German, Dutch, Portuguese, and Hispanics. These studies suggest that accumulation of geographic case studies is important for understanding multiracial-multicultural society and that conceptual framework needs to be constructed in order to carry out global comparative studies.