University Judgments. Evaluating Students’ Performances in Engineering and History.

大学作为正规教育系统的组织，是很大一部分青少年在完成中等教育后接受进一步培训的中心。在教授他们的临时成员--特定于学生的知识储备时，他们排练特定的纪律观点，这些观点在研讨会、探险、实验室研究和实践培训中得到提炼。这些学位内的课程和站代表通过学术工作人员对学生进行具体的机构分类。因此，教授或初级研究人员不仅要观察学生的专业知识的方法论或语言能力，而且还要观察学生如何评价和考虑这些知识。该项目研究了一个复杂而复杂的教学、考试和评估过程，并突出了对学生的分类和评分。在对比设计中，通过对高等教育教学和评估的社会维度、物质维度和符号维度的分析，将经验集中在历史判断和工程判断上。该研究项目将这些程序理解为非学校评估的具体形式，这既化解了学校使用的评估，也强化了评估。

Universities, as organizations of the formal system of education, are focal points through which significant parts of adolescents, after completing secondary education, receive further training. In teaching their temporary members - students - specific stocks of knowledge, they rehearse specific disciplinary views, which are refined in seminars, expeditions, laboratory studies, and practical training. Those courses and stations within academic degrees stand for specific institutional categorizations of students through academic staff members. Thereby, professors or junior researchers do not only observe students’ methodical or linguistic capabilities of professional knowledge, but also how this knowledge is appraised and considered by students. The project departs by studying a complex and intermingled process of teaching, examining and evaluating and by highlighting the categorization and marking of students. In a contrastive design, it focusses empirically on judgement in history and engineering by enquiring analytically into the social, material and symbolic dimensions of teaching and evaluation in higher education. The research project apprehends these proceedings as specific forms of non-school evaluation, which both defuse and intensify evaluation as employed in schools.