Development of Planning Support System for Emergent Water Distribution in Medium Size Cities

在地震造成供水系统中断的情况下，利用地下水作为饮用水和公用事业用水对应急供水工作有很大帮助，特别是在中等城市，抗震水管线的巨额投资是负担不起的。然而，地下水可能会因污水系统的破裂而受到污染，在饮用前必须对其质量进行检查。本研究针对地下水水质模拟系统与配水规划系统，提出了一种基于威尔斯井间相关性，选择少量的测试威尔斯井，以经济的方式诊断区域内其他威尔斯井的地下水水质的方法。该方法模拟了各种可能破坏模式下的污染物转移，并评估了危险井周围居民的期望供水成本。其次，将应急供水问题转化为确定供水点的设施选址问题和车辆路径问题的复合问题。前者是一个问题。前者是在输水范围内覆盖所有居民点的条件下，尽量减少供水点数量的问题。后者是一个问题，使最小化的总车辆距离分配水的所有供水点确定以上的设施位置问题。利用启发式方法，建立了一个计算程序，以建议在紧急情况下有效的供水工作。我们将此程序应用于东广岛市的西条地区。计算了水库、桥梁的破坏对供水工程的影响，分析了这些设施灾前抗震对策的效果。

In case of break down of water supply system by earthquake, use of ground water for drinking and utilities strongly helps emergent water distribution work, especially in the medium-size cities where huge investment for earth-quake proof water pipe line is not affordable. Ground water, however, can be contaminated by the break of sewage system, and its quality must be checked before use for drinking. In this study, we have studied two points concerning on emergent water supply: Ground water quality simulation system to increase the usability of it as drinking water, and water distribiition planning system.For the first viewpoints, this study proposes a procedure to select small number of test wells in order to diagnose the ground water quality of other wells in the region economically, based on the correlation among the wells. The procedure simulates transfer of contamination under every possible destruction pattern and evaluates expected water distnbution cost for the people around the risky wells.For the second purpose, we formulate the emergent water supply problem as a compound problem of a facility location problem to determine water supplying points, and a vehicle routing problem. The former is a problem. The former is a problem minimizes the number of supplying water points with the condition of covering of all residence places within the limit distance for water carrying. The latter is a problem which makes minimizes the total vehicle distance to distribute water to all water supplying points detemined above the facility location problem. Using heuristic methods, a calculation procedure to propose efficient water supply work in an emergency is established We apply this procedure to the Saijo area in Higashi-Hiroshima City. The influence of the destructions of water storages and bridges on the water supply work is calculated, and the effects of the pre-disaster earthquake-proof countermeasures for these facilities are analyzed.