Investigation of environmental pollution in Southeast Asia

东南亚的热带河流由于最近的工业化和城市化而受到严重污染。人们日益认识到保护淡水资源的必要性和评估污染程度的重要性。这种分析不仅必须使用化学方法，而且还必须使用生物方法。本研究采用活体染色、荧光原位杂交（FISH）和荧光噬菌体检测（FBA）等新方法，从单细胞水平上分析了热带河流微生物群落的结构和动态。淡水微藻菌株的生物修复和水生动物的生物标志物的重金属污染也进行了调查。在原位的居民细菌的生理活性普遍较高的Kelang河流域（马来西亚）和低，但在湄南河（泰国）。宽而深的热带河流中不到10%的细菌可培养，而窄而浅的河流和运河中超过50%的细菌在R2 A琼脂上形成菌落。估计这些河流和运河中的粪便细菌占细菌总数的1 ~ 8%，其中大多数具有生理活性。这些粪便细菌不能通过常规培养技术检测到。因此，它们应该在单个细胞水平上被检测。同时，对淡水微藻去除化学物质的能力进行了研究，筛选出7株去除能力较强的淡水微藻，并对淡水鱼中的金属硫蛋白（MT）进行了初步的研究。（Crucian Curp）被评价为污染物污染的生物标志物，并且该MT由镉和地塞米松表达。MT可作为重金属污染的生物标志物。

Tropical rivers in Southeast Asia have been seriously polluted by recent industrialization and urbanization. There is an increasing awareness of the necessity for conserving fresh water resources and the importance of evaluating pollution levels. Such analyses must be performed not only using chemical methods but also biological ones. In this study, the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in tropical rivers were analyzed at a single cell level by new methods, such as vital staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorescent bacteriophage assay (FBA). Freshwater microalgal strains for bioremediation and biomarker substances in aquatic animals for heavy metal contamination were also investigated.In situ physiological activity of resident bacteria was generally high in the Kelang River Basin (Malaysia) and low but present in the Chao Phraya River (Thailand). Less than 10% of bacteria in wide and deep tropical rivers were culturable, while more than 50% of bacteria in narrow and shallow rivers and canals formed their colonies on R2A agar. Estimates of fecal bacteria in these rivers and canals were accounted for 1 to 8% of total bacterial cells, and most of them had physiological activity. These fecal bacteria could not be detected by conventional culture techniques. Thus, they should be detected at a single cell level. Water quality should be immediately improved by reducing or preventing domestic waste being discarded into narrow rivers and canals in particular.The removal of chemicals by freshwater microalgae was also investigated, and 7 useful algal strains with high removal ability were screened.Metallothionein (MT) in the freshwater fish (Crucian Curp) was evaluated as a biomarker for the contamination of pollutants, and this MT is expressed by cadmium and dexamethazone. MT should be useful biomarker for the contamination of heavy metals.