THE OBSERVATION OF PRIMARY COSMIC-RAY BY JAPAN-RUSSIA COORPORATIVE BALLOON EXPERIMENT

这个实验的目的是为了弄清楚宇宙射线能谱中所谓的“拐点”，即光谱倾斜的快速变化。从1996年到1999年，从堪察加半岛到伏尔加河进行了11次长时间气球飞行（约150小时），10次成功观测了宇宙射线。日本和俄罗斯双方的研究人员访问了对方国家，对分析的数据进行了检查和讨论，讨论了能量确定和检测效率的计算，利用这项援助等。本研究得到的主要结果如下：1。实验得到的能谱与较低能谱的外推结果吻合较好。质子谱的结果与日美合作实验JACEE和俄罗斯合作实验SOKOL的结果基本一致，而氦谱的通量与日美合作实验结果相差两倍。重粒子谱的通量和斜率倾角与上述实验相比也有较大差异。这些结果分别在1999年美国犹他州国际宇宙射线会议和2001年德国汉堡国际宇宙射线会议上发表。截至2001年会议，大多数风淋室实验所得的通量值都高于我们的数据，但也有许多风淋室小组报告的通量值与我们2001年会议的结果相似。此外，我们的能量区直接观测的结果只是我们的报告，我们的结果得到了报告员的高度赞赏。这篇关于1996年数据结果的论文发表在第22期美国科学学会学报（第2卷，p1831-1836）和阿斯特粒子物理学（2001年第16期，p13-46）上。对1999年的实验数据进行了分析。由于1999年的实验相当于4次飞行，要得到最终结果还需要1 ~ 2年的时间。少

This experiment has been carried out for the purpose of making clear so called "knee" in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum which is a rapid change in an inclination of spectrum. Long duration balloon flights (about 150 hours) from Kamchatka to Volga River were carried out 11 times from 1996 to 1999, and 10 flights were succeeded in the observation of cosmic-ray.Both side of Japanese and Russian researchers visited each other countries to have a check and discussion about analyzed data, discussion about energy determination and calculation of detection efficiency, by use of this Grant-in-Aid and others. The main results obtained by this research is as follows.1. Energy spectrum obtained by our experiment has a good agreement with the extrapolation from the lower energy spectrum.2. Our result in proton spectrum is consistent to the result by JACEE (Japan and USA co-operative experiment) and SOKOL (Russian experiment), and flux in helium spectrum has a twice difference compared to the result … More form above two experiments.3. Flux and slope inclination of spectrum for heavy particle has also rather large differences compared to above experiments.These results were reported in 1999 international cosmic-ray conference held in Utah, USA and 2001 international cosmic-ray conference held in Hamburg, Germany. The flux obtained by most of air shower experiments had been giving higher value compared with our data up to 2001 conference, however, many air shower groups reported the results of flux similar to our result in 2001 conference. Moreover the result in our energy region by direct observation is only our report, and our result was highly appreciated by rapporteur.The paper about results of the data to 1996 was published in the 22nd ISTS Proceedings (Vol. 2 p1831-1836) and Astor Particle Physics (No. 16 2001, p13-46). The data of 1999 experiment is under analysis. As 1999 experiment corresponds to four times flight, and it will take more one or two years to obtain the final results. Less