Development of Evaluating Method for Water-Stress Tolerance and Its Application to Crop Varieties Selectiond

干旱、高盐、高低温等水分胁迫是植物生长特别是农作物生产面临的最严重的问题。在21世纪人口迅速增长和粮食危机日益严重的情况下，提高农作物产量是克服这一问题的首要条件。为此，即使在干旱和盐碱地等不利条件下，实际上也需要种植作物，这些地区水分胁迫程度高，农业生产率很低。近年来，世界范围内一直在筛选适应这些干旱和盐碱地的作物品种，但在这些品种中寻找最好的品种需要很长的时间，通常是几年。因此，从生物适应…的角度出发，如何缩短这一耗时的过程，是提高粮食产量的又一个问题更重要的是，一些植物对这种环境压力有耐受性。它们诱导渗透调节化合物来维持细胞内的拖戈压力，以对抗细胞外的渗透压力。为了区分耐逆性品种，作者旨在建立一种快速、灵敏的分析方法来检测在胁迫条件下诱导的渗透调节化合物。为此，我们发展了毛细管电泳法，并将其应用于许多植物细胞质中甜菜碱类和其他亲和溶质的测定。在中国北部实际盐碱区的许多植物中，我们发现了盐胁迫与防腐剂浓度的相关性，并用我们的方法对建立了抗逆性的大麦品种在胁迫和非胁迫条件下进行了培养和分析。这种相关性也得到了证实。根据这些结果，我们提出了测定亲和溶质的新方法--毛细管电泳法，作为耐水分胁迫植物品种的第一筛选方法。较少

Water stresses, such as drought, high salinity, high and low temperature and other water deficits, are the most serious problem for plant growth, especially crop production. Under the circumstances of rapidly growing human population and the acoompanying food crisis in the 21^<st> century, the enhancement of crop production is the first requisite to overcome this problem. For this purpose, it is actually required to cultivate crop plants even under unfavorable conditions, like arid and saline areas, where water stress is high and agricultural productivity is quite low.In recent years selection of crop varieties which are adaptable to such arid and saline area has been continuing worldwide However, it takes very long period, usually several years, to find the best cultivar among the dwerse varieties. It therefore arises another problem, how to shorten this time-consuming process, for the encountering demand of enhancement offood production.From the standpoint of biological adaptation to … More the environmert, some plants are tolerant to such environmental stresses. They induce osmoregulating compounds to mahtain the tugor pressure inside the cells against osmotic pressure outside. To distinguish stress-tolerant varieties, the authors aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive analytical method to determine the osmoregulating compounds induced under stressed conditions. For this pursose, we developed capillary electrophoresis and applied it toj the determination ofbetames and other compatible solutes appeared in cytoplasm of many plant species. We found the correlation between the salt-stress and the concentration of osraoprotectants in many plants colle :ted in the actual saline area of northern China Barley varieties whose stress-tolerance were genetically established were cultivated under stressed and unstressed conditions and were analyzed by our method. The correlation was also confirmed. From these results we propose the new determination method for compatible solutes b^ capillary electrophoresis as the first screening method for plant varieties tolerant to water stresses. Less