Development and Clinical Application of the Database for the Functions of Ingestion, Swallowing and Respiration

看来，咀嚼、吞咽和呼吸功能之间的协调是必要的，这样从摄入到吞咽的过程才能正常进行。然而，这些职能之间的关系还没有得到充分的理解。本研究对正常志愿者从摄食到吞咽的呼吸曲线、下颌运动、喉运动和颌肌肌电进行了研究，旨在阐明食物的种类和数量对呼吸功能和颌颈肌活动的影响。主要结论如下：1.咽部吞咽大量食物是通过增加运输次数来控制的。2.吞咽过程中的呼吸以食物的大小为特征。所有受试者在吸气期进食大食物以帮助进食，而在呼气相进食小食物以避免吸入。3.所有受试者的咽部吞咽均发生在呼气期。4.吞咽呼吸暂停的发生因实验条件而异。呼气期吞咽呼吸暂停接近呼吸暂停起始期。5.吞咽适量食物时，下颌位至舌骨上肌活动延迟。6.吞咽20ml固体食物或水的吞咽速度快于唾液或少量水。7.咽喉运动的开始总是先于吞咽呼吸暂停，两者之间的持续时间与食物和饮料的种类和数量无关。

It seems that coordination among functions of mastication, swallowing and respiration is required so that the process from ingestion to swallowing of food can be performed normally. However, relationships among these functions have not been fully understood. In the present study, respiratory curve, mandibular movement, larynx movement and electromyograms of jaw muscles during the period from ingestion to swallowing were investigated in normal volunteers for the purpose of clarifying the effects of kinds and quantity of food on respiratory function and jaw and neck muscles' activities. The following conclusions were obtained.1.Pharyngeal swallowing for large food is controlled by increasing the number of transportation even in single swallowing.2.Respiration during ingestion was characterized by the size of food. Large food was taken in the inspiratory phase to help intake of food while small food was in the expiratory phase to avoid aspiration.3.Pharyngeal swallowing occurred in the expiration phase in all the trials for all subjects.4.The onset of swallowing apnea varied with experimental condition. Swallowing apnea in the expiration phase approached the onset of expiration with increase of the amount of water or food.5.Holding of the mandibular position is delayed to the suprahyoid muscles' activities during swallowing of the optimum amount of food compared to that of the smaller amount.6.Swallowing was performed faster for solid food or water of 20ml than for saliva or smaller amount of water.7.The onset of larynx movement always proceeds to that of swallowing apnea and the duration between them is constant irrespective with the kinds and amount of food and drink.