A study on the sustainability of water resources at the downstream of the Blue Nile and on the modernization of its irrigated agriculture

对实测过程的许多退水分支进行了物理过程分析，建立了一个年退水过程的预报模型。虽然降雨资料是以月为单位的，但本文利用数字高程模型、土壤图和气温资料对青尼罗河上游的径流过程进行了模拟。月流量估计得很好。在灌溉期之前了解青尼罗河的可用水量意味着该组织在作物选择方面有很多选择，并且有更有效地分配水资源的可能性。利用预测效果较好的退水模型，模拟了农作物生产计划，并对水利和农业用水进行了分配，对参与式灌溉系统管理提高水资源利用率进行了研究和评价。这些知识和经验现在已经具备，如果再加上适当的地方和国际支持，可能会改变盖济拉计划中的水管理，该计划在过去75年或更长时间里一直没有改变。它只在11月至3月的短暂冬季期间在灌溉下生产。通过2001年和2002年两个季节的田间试验，将推荐的垄作处理与传统的垄作处理进行比较。试验结果表明，垄作栽培是苏丹变性土小麦生产中节水的一种栽培方式。对垄底播种等简单的集水技术进行了试验，显著提高了高粱产量。它允许在低降雨条件下使用高产干旱敏感品种。在缺水的情况下，沟内种植是一种有效的措施。

Many recession limbs of observed hydrographs are analyzed with physical processes, and a model for predicting annual recession hydrographs is developed. Though the rainfall data are available as monthly, the runoff processes at the upper Blue Nile are simulated based on the digital elevation model, soil map and air temperature data. Monthly flows were well estimated. To know the available water from the Blue Nile prior to irrigation period means that the organization has much option in crop choices and has much possibility of more efficient allocation of water resources. By using the recession flow model, which makes better prediction than before, planning of crop production is simulated for allocating water, which is to be used for hydropower as well as for agriculture.The improvement of water use by the participatory management of irrigation systems is developed and evaluated. The knowledge and experience are now available, and that if combined with proper local and international support may change the water management in the Gezira scheme which remained unchanged for the past 75 years or more.Wheat is a strategic crop in Sudan. It is produced exclusively under irrigation during the short winter season between November and March. A field experiment was conducted for two seasons (2001 and 2002) and the recommended bed planting treatment was compared with the traditional one. The results show bed planting could be considered as one of the methods for wheat production in Sudan's Vertisols with water savings. Simple water harvesting techniques such as sowing on the bottom of the ridges are tested and significantly increased the yield of grain sorghum. It allows the use of the higher yielding drought sensitive varieties under low rainfall conditions. It is efficient to go for planting in the furrow as a good measure in case of water scarcity.