Temporal dynamics of knowledge acquisition and its modelling

【知识获取的建模】在这个项目中，Matsuda进行了纵向和横断面调查，揭示了人类知识获取的过程及其在时间、距离、速度关系上的知识发展机制。Matsuda还进行了实验工作，以比较时间和空间知识的获取过程。另一项实验比较了学龄儿童对时间、距离和速度之间关系的知识获取的发展过程。【知识习得与元认知】Yuzawa观察了学龄前儿童元认知与元认知策略的变化过程。本研究探讨了自然环境和社会环境对科学和数学概念知识获取的促进作用。例如，在其中一项研究中，Yuzawa观察了学龄前儿童，他们比较图表的大小。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，选择合适策略的儿童比例越来越高，并进行了正确的比较。汤泽的项目展示了物理环境、元认知和知识获取之间的动态关系。[阅读和工作记忆]Chujo和Nakao通过眼动记录研究了工作记忆容量对阅读的影响。研究人员通过阅读广度测试来测量工作记忆容量，并测试其是否与阅读时的眼球运动模式相关。结果表明，工作能力小的阅读者在阅读过程中频繁出现跳眼运动，且这种运动只持续很短的时间，说明工作记忆对知识获取的重要性。Miyatani和Kawahara通过使用上下文线索范式探索了人类获取空间分布和时间分布的项目布局的能力。结果表明，参与者能够获取这些时空背景，并利用它们进行视觉搜索等认知操作。少

[Modelling of knowledge acquisition] In this project Matsuda conducted longitudinal and cross-sectional survey and revealed the process of human knowledge acquisition and its mechanism in terms of development of knowledge on time, distance, speed relationships. Matsuda also conducted experimental works to compare the acquisition processes of temporal and spatial knowledge. Another experiments compared the processes of development in knowledge acquisition of relationships between time, distance and speed in school children.[Knowledge acquisition and meta-cognition ] Yuzawa observed the process of changes in meta-cognition and strategies in pre-school children. This study dealt with physical and social environment that enhances acquisition of knowledge on scientific, and mathematical concepts. In one of the studies, for example, Yuzawa observed pre-school children who compared diagrams in terms of their sizes. The results showed that the proportion of children who chose appropriate strat … More egies and performed correct comparison as the age increases. Yuzawa's project showed dynamic relationships between physical environment, meta-cognition, and knowledge acquisition.[Reading and working memory] Chujo and Nakao examined the effect of working memory capacity on reading by using eye movement recording. The investigators measured working memory capacity by reading span test and tested if it correlates with the patterns in eye movement while reading. The results showed that the readers who have small working capacity frequently produced saccadic eye movements that stay only brief moment as reading proceeds, suggesting importance of working memory on knowledge acquisition.[Attentional distribution and implicit learning] Miyatani and Kawahara explored human ability to acquire layouts of items distributed spatially and for temporally by using contextual cueing paradigm. The results revealed that the participants could obtain those spatio-temporal contexts and utilise them for cognitive operations such as visual search. Less