Scanning Probe Microscope

扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等原位扫描探针显微镜方法是研究电化学界面原子结构和界面过程的重要工具。Magnussen小组属于这一领域的国际领先小组，特别是建立了原位高速扫描隧道显微镜(Video-STM)，作为定量研究电极表面动态过程的独特方法。该建议的目的是构建一种新的显微镜，可以在电化学环境中进行视频扫描隧道显微镜和常规的扫描隧道显微镜/原子力显微镜测量，并将这些微观表征方法与气相(GC)和高效液相(HPLC)的电极反应产物进行定量分析。这种新的组合将允许将电化学过程的反应性和选择性直接与原子尺度的电极结构相关联，从而能够在定义良好的模型催化剂上确定电催化反应的结构-性质关系。该仪器将是该小组许多正在进行和计划中的研究项目的必要工具，例如研究电化学二氧化碳还原、电极表面吸附物的扩散和相互作用、功能自组装有机层的结构以及电化学放氧和还原催化剂的降解。计划中的显微镜将是一种全球独一无二的仪器。它将基于商业可用的组件建造，但需要广泛的内部开发，特别是显微镜云台和视频扫描隧道显微镜模块。所要求的规格是i)电化学控制下的测量，ii)以20张/S的记录速率进行高质量原子分辨率的扫描隧道显微镜图像，iii)连续电解液交换的可能性，iv)在可控气氛(Ar，CO2)下操作，v)用于原位原子力显微镜研究的独立显微镜头，以及vi)直接定量分析STM/AFM池中电极反应产生的气体和液体产物。对于后者，将使用在线GC、注射GC和高效液相色谱法的组合，其配置源自正在进行的电化学二氧化碳减少项目的具体测量要求。总而言之，该仪器将为现场和手术研究开辟新的可能性，特别是将为电化学能源技术的过程提供新的见解。

In situ scanning probe microscopy methods, such as scanning tunneling (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), are central tools for clarifying the atomic structure of electrochemical interfaces and processes occurring at these interfaces. The Magnussen group belongs to the international leading groups in this area and, in particular, established in situ high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (Video-STM) as a unique method for quantitative studies of dynamic processes at electrode surfaces. Aim of this proposal is to construct a new microscope that allows Video-STM as well as conventional STM/AFM measurements in electrochemical environment and combines these microscopic characterization methods with a quantitative analysis of the products of electrode reactions by gas (GC) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). This novel combination will allow to correlate the reactivity and selectivity of electrochemical processes directly with the atomic-scale electrode structure, enabling the determination of structure-property relationships for electrocatalytic reactions at well-defined model catalysts. The instrument will be an essential tool for a multitude of ongoing and planned research projects of the group, such as studies of electrochemical CO2 reduction, diffusion and interaction of adsorbates at electrode surfaces, structure of functional self-assembled organic layers, and the degradation of catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution and reduction. The planned microscope will be a worldwide unique instrument. It will be built based on commercial available components but requires extensive in-house development, especially of the microscope head and the Video-STM module. The required specifications are i) measurements under electrochemical control, ii) high-quality atomically resolved STM images at recording rates of 20 images/s, iii) the possibility for continuous electrolyte exchange, iv) operation under controlled atmosphere (Ar, CO2), v) separate microscope head for in situ AFM studies, and vi) direct quantitative analytics of the gaseous and liquid products produced by electrode reactions in the STM/AFM cell. For the latter, a combination of online-GC, injection-GC, and HPLC will be used, with a configuration that is derived from the concrete measurement requirements of an ongoing project on electrochemical CO2 reduction. In total, the instrument will open up novel possibilities for in situ and operando studies, which in particular will provide new insights into processes in electrochemical energy technology.