Universal Order, Particular State, and Region : Hoitorical Evolution of We-consciousness and Role of Law

在本次合作研究中，我们考虑了“普遍秩序”、“特定状态”和“区域”三个层面的连贯性。我们在这些层面上研究了自意识（共属意识）的产生和进化，并考察了法律在其中所起的作用。以下是从整个结果中挑选出来的几个结果。在西方古代，对古罗马国家的帝国法和行省法的关系进行了探讨。一方面，“共同祖国的罗马”理念的提升和帝国法律在整个地中海世界的传播得到了证实，但另一方面，地区和城市的特殊法律的延续，因此两者之间复杂的相互作用被提出。对于西方中世纪，考察了9世纪和10世纪的皇权，并明确了德国的“我们意识”与“普世帝国”思想相联系的现象的历史背景。关于中世纪德国法律体系的核心概念之一“Gewere”概念，确认了其在萨克森镜像中的原意及其后来的意义变迁。关于西方近代，对普特在18世纪所描述的中世纪德国宪法的历史进行了详细研究。确立了普遍的皇权和教皇权为不可缺少的要素，许多特殊的国家并存的宪法形象，并明确了在不同程度的连贯性粘附下的德意志自我意识的特征。在日本问题上，本文研究了堀津信重的法律比较与英国和德国法理学发展趋势之间的关系，明确了他是如何试图将日本法律置于世界法律体系及其发展之中的。

We considered in this cooperative research three levels of coherence, "universal order", "particular state" and "region". We studied generation and evolution of We-consciousness (co-belonging-consciousness) on these levels and investigated roles which law had played there.The following is several results which are picked up from the whole outcomes. As regards the Western antiquity, the relationship between the imperial law and the provincial laws in the ancient Roman state was inquired. On one hand exaltation of the idea "Rome in common fatherland" and diffusion of the imperial law to the whole Mediterranean world were confirmed, but on the other hand continuation of the particular laws of regions and cities, and therefore complicated interactions of both were suggested. As for the Western middle ages, the imperial power of the 9 and the 10 century was investigated and the historical background of the phenomenon, that We-consciousness in Germany had grown up connecting with the idea of universal empire, was made clear. About the concept of "Gewere", one of the central concepts in medieval German legal system, its original meanings in the mirror of Saxony and the later transitions of senses were confirmed. As regards Western modern ages, the history of the medieval German constitution, which Putter had described in the 18 century, was studied in detail. The image of constitution, where the universal imperial and papal powers were the indispensable elements and many particular states co-existed, was confirmed and the characteristics of German We-consciousness under the adhesion of different levels of coherence were made clear. On Japan, the relationship between the legal comparison of Nobushige Hozumi and the trends of jurisprudence in England and Germany was studied and it was made clear how he had tried to situate Japanese law in the legal system of the world and its development.