Comparative Study in East Asian districts for estimating the benefit of environmental policy

对经济发展处于不同阶段的东亚国家进行经济评价，对环境政策评价具有重要意义。特别是，我们通过关注健康影响的社会效益和评估来估计发展中国家环境政策的福利效应。本研究以东亚地区为研究对象，采用欧美发展起来的条件价值评估法（CVM）作为效益评估方法。我们在日本的东广岛用联合分析（选择实验）进行了调查。在东广岛进行联合分析调查的原因是考虑到调查方法的影响，采用不同于CVM的方法。我们考虑了日本降低风险对健康影响的信心。风险的主体是由大气污染和交通事故造成的死亡风险。统计寿命值（VSL）是评价环境政策健康效益的方法之一。VSL是减少死亡风险的支付意愿（WTP）除以减少死亡风险的宽度。在本研究中，我们根据CVM和Choice Experiment的结果来估计VSL。结果，我们得到了这些发现。在空气污染情况下，种群特征对VSL没有影响，但在交通事故情况下，种群特征对VSL有影响。从现在开始，还需要考虑风险特征。由于人均GDP的VSL因地区和调查方法的不同而存在差异，因此，从现在开始，我们将使用Meta分析方法来考虑人均GDP的VSL的原因。

It is of importance of environmental policy assessment by doing economical valuation of the study in East Asian countries that have several stages of economical growth. In particular, we estimated the welfare effects of environmental policy in developing countries by focusing on social benefit of health effects and valuating. In this study, we surveyed in East Asia by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) that has been developed in Europe and America as the method of benefit estimation. And we surveyed at Higashihiroshima in Japan by using Conjoint Analysis (Choice Experiment). The reason that conducted Conjoint Analysis survey at Higashihiroshima was to consider the effect of survey methods by doing the different method from CVM. We considered the confidence of health effects in risk reduction in Japan. The subject of risk is the death risk by the origin of air pollution and traffic accident.There is Value of Statistical Life (VSL) as one of the method to evaluate health benefit in environmental policy. VSL is that divided Willingness To Pay (WTP) for reduction of the death risk by width of reduction of the death risk. In this study, we estimated VSL based on the result of CVM and Choice Experiment. As a result, we got the findings. Population characteristics did not have the effects on VSL in the case of air pollution but had the effects on VSL in the case of traffic accident. It is also necessary to consider on the risk characteristics from now.Because VSL for GDP per capita has the differences by the district and the method of survey, VSL for GDP per capita is to be considered the cause by using Meta Analysis from now.