Research on Occupational Gender Segregation

自从《性别平等社会基本法》于1999年制定以来，我们一直在问：工作场所真的接受性别平等吗？本项目旨在澄清“职业性别隔离”的现状和问题，重点是男性托儿所服务员和女性消防员--两者都占各自劳动力的1%左右。我们向京都和大阪的托儿所学生、托儿所服务员、托儿所学校经理和消防员发出了3000多份调查问卷。这些关于托儿所服务员职业的调查包括性别意识、男女托儿所学生的表现期望以及男性服务员的工作条件等感兴趣的问题。对于消防员来说，调查包括性别意识、女性消防员的必要性以及她们在不同消防部门的个人经历等问题。顺便说一句，独立…的空间完成的调查显示，受访的托儿所学生和托儿所服务员本身的性别意识在男女之间没有太大差异，而男性管理者的性别意识却很低。此外，男性消防员的性别意识较低，性别角色意识较强。对于“你认为有必要找一名女消防员吗？”36.1%的受访男性回答“有必要”，而72.9%的受访女性回答“有必要”。一名女性消防员评论说：“虽然我在消防员培训中心接受过和男性一样的培训，但没有机会去火场工作。”消防员被认为是男性工作，受到日本劳动基准法的监管，该法律限制了女性的劳动条件。由于现在正朝着放松管制的方向发展，随着该领域的技术创新，应该采取具体行动。2003年，托儿所服务员已被厚生劳动省认定为一种公认的职业，私立托儿所与公立托儿所之间存在的巨大差距应该得到解决。较少

Since "The Basic Law for a Gender-Equal Society" was enacted in 1 999, we have been asking the question: is gender equality really accepted in the workplace? The present project purports to clarify the current situation and issues of "Occupational Gender Segregation", focusing on male nursery attendants and female firefighters-both occupy about 1% of their respective workforce. We sent out over 3000 surveys to nursery attendant students, nursery attendants, nursery school managers and firefighters in both Kyoto and Osaka. Those surveys pertaining to the nursery attendant profession contain questions about gender awareness, performance expectations for male and female nursery school pupils, and working conditions for male attendants, among other subjects of interest. For firefighters, the surveys contain questions about gender awareness, the necessity of female firefighters, their personal experiences in the different firefighting sections, and so on. As a side note, space for independe … More nt comments was also provided.The completed surveys showed that the gender awareness of the surveyed nursery attendant students and nursery attendants themselves does not differ greatly between males and females ; however, for male managers gender awareness is quite low. In addition, gender awareness in male firefighters is low and "gender-role" consciousness is quite strong. For the question, "do you think a female firefighter is necessary?" 36.1% of males surveyed answered yes, while 72.9% of females surveyed answered yes.A female firefighter commented, "There is no opportunity to work at the fire ground, even though I was trained at the firefighter training center in the same program as the males." Firefighting, considered a male job, was regulated by Labor Standards Law of Japan, which restricted female labor conditions. Since it is now moving towards deregulation, along with technical innovations in the field, the specific action should be taken.Nursery attendant has been qualified as a recognized profession by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2003, and the existing wide gap between private and public nursery schools should be resolved. Less