Property and Labor in American Literary Works

这个项目的目的是澄清“劳动”和“财产”的概念是如何在美国文学理论中解释的，以及这些术语是如何在实际的文学文本中被使用、分析或转化的。由于文学研究的特点，我在研究“劳动”的概念时，这个范畴包含了围绕文化事物的各种概念和现象。因此，“劳动”涵盖了从女性怀孕到翻译、版权等智力劳动等广泛的话题。在“财产”问题上，研究兴趣并不局限于对物质性事物的产权问题的处理，而是对人的产权问题的处理。因此，这一制度中的奴隶制和奴隶劳动与美国文学研究的各个方面的“劳动”和“财产”概念重叠。该项目的主要活动是与来自日本各地的各种成员定期举行研究会议；在课程中，我们阅读了理论书籍，如乔纳森·A·格里克斯坦的《更多的例外论》、《美国人的焦虑：美国战前的工资、竞争和退化的劳动力》、凯文·菲利普斯的《财富与民主：美国富人的政治史》、赫伯特·g·古特曼的《美国工业化中的工作、文化和社会：美国工人阶级和社会史随笔》、《白人共和国的兴衰》等。亚历山大·萨克斯顿的《19世纪美国的阶级政治与大众文化》、保拉·拉比诺维茨的《劳动与欲望：大萧条时期美国妇女革命小说》、理查德·休斯的《美国生活的神话》、芭芭拉·福利的《激进的表现：1929-1941年美国无产阶级小说中的政治与形式》、约翰·惠伦-布里奇的《政治小说与美国自我》等。这些理论著作为项目的下一阶段提供了基础，即从“劳动”和“财产”的角度分析每个作家的文本。特别是在威廉·福克纳的作品中，我的分析从奴隶制问题延伸到版权问题，这可以从福克纳作为编剧在好莱坞电影行业的合作中来审视。由于好莱坞编剧和制片人的政治利益与同时代人的审美表现是同步的，对福克纳剧本和小说的分析也从“劳动”和“财产”等其他理论问题进行解读；在这里，“劳动”包括福克纳自己作为一个严肃的作家追求自己的艺术和作为一个剧本作家赚钱的焦虑，而“财产”包括产品的知识产权。少

The purpose of this project is to clarify how the notions of "labor" and "property" interpreted in American literary theories, and how those terms are utilized, analyzed, or transformed in actual literary texts. Because of the characteristics of literary study, when I researched into the notion of "labor," the category includes various concepts and phenomena around cultural matters. Thus, "labor" covers wide range of topics from female pregnancy to intellectual labor such as translation and copyright issues. As for "property," research interest does not limit its treatment of issues only to property right of material things, but to that of human beings. Therefore, slavery and slave labor in this institution overlap with both notions of "labor" and "property" in every aspect of American literary studies.The main activity of the project was targeted on holding regular research meetings with various members from all over Japan ; in the sessions, we read theoretical books such as American … More Exceptionalism, American anxiety : Wages, Competition, and degraded labor in the Antebellum United States by Jonathan A. Glickstein, Wealth and Democracy : A Political History of the American Rich by Kevin Phillips, Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing America : Essays in American Working Class and Social History by Herbert G. Gutman, The Rise and Fall of the White Republic : Class Politics and Mass Culture in Nineteenth-Century America by Alexander Saxton, Labor and Desire : Women's Revolutionary Fiction in Depression America by Paula Rabinowitz, Myths America Lives by Richard T. Hughes, Radical Representations : Politics and Form in U. S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929-1941 by Barbara Foley, Political Fiction and the American Self by John Whalen-Bridge and so on. These theoretical works provided the foundation of the following stage of the project, namely, the analysis of each writer's texts with the perspectives of "labor" and "property."Especially, in the works of William Faulkner, my analysis was extended from the issues of slavery to the copyright matters which can be scrutinized from Faulkner's cooperation as a script writer in the Hollywood film industry. Since Hollywood script writers' and producers' political interests synchronized with their contemporaries' aesthetic representation, analysis of Faulkner's scripts and novels are also interpreted from other theoretical issues on "labor" and "property" ; "labor," in this case, includes Faulkner's own anxiety over his presence as a serious writer to pursue his arts and a script writer to earn money, while "property" includes intellectual property right on the products. Less