Toward Reconstruction of Political Economy : A Synthetic Study of Ideas and Institutions by Economics, Political Science, and Jurisprudence

本研究项目取得的结论如下。首先，政治制度与经济制度、经济发展与经济后果之间并不完全对应。而民主政治制度要求市场经济。第二，市场经济的理念是自由和效率，民主的理念是尊重人格和公平。福利国家一直在寻求调和这两种观念的可能性，但在它们的实际兼容性方面，必须有几个严格的条件。一般来说，民主理念与市场经济理念是矛盾的，市场制度与民主也往往是冲突的。第三，为克服市场失灵而出现的政府陷入了另一种失灵。或许民主制度并不能达致平均主义的政策，个别研究的具体结果如下。第一 ...更多信息 在此基础上，结合政治经济学方法论的思考，论证了在推动政治学、经济学和法学之间展开对话时，明确实证理论和规范理论的必要性。第二，分配/再分配政策和教育政策的政治要求与经济绩效无关，与平均主义结论或优先主义结论没有直接联系。第三，思想史上的重要原则如何与现实的制度设计相联系，取决于各国历史条件与现有制度价值理念的相关性。第四，重新审视社会契约理论，明确了社会契约和平均主义在制度设计中的作用。第五，社会契约论的前瞻性议程是社会系统契约中的合作观念与现代公共观念和隐私观念的一致性。在重新审视罗默对规范理论的批判之后，我们推进了关于“无知之幕”在正义原则的衍生中的作用的研究。第六，将正义原则的公理化研究应用于代际公平问题的最小最大原则。少

The conclusion which we obtain in this research project is as follows. First, there is no complete correspondence between the political system and the economic system as well as the economic development, and the economic consequence. But the democratic political system requests market economy. Second, idea of market economy is freedom and efficiency, on the other hand, idea of democracy is respect of personality and fairness. The possibility of reconciling both ideas had been pursued by the welfare state, but several severe conditions are necessarily required in their actual compatibility. Generally speaking, idea of democracy contradicts idea of market economy, and also the market system and democracy are often conflicting with each other. Third, the government which appears in order to overcome the market failure comes into another type of failure. Perhaps egalitarian policies cannot be achieved by democratic systems.The concrete results of individual researches are as follows. First … More , with the consideration regarding the methodology of political economy, we verified the necessity which makes clear the role of positive theory and normative theory when we promote expanded dialogue among the political science, economics, and jurisprudence. Second, political requirement of distribution/redistribution policy and education policy is decided irrespectively of the economic performance, and does not connect directly to egalitarianism conclusion or prioritarianism conclusion. Third, how the important principles in the history of thought are related with the actual system design depends on the correlation between historical conditions of each country and value idea of the existing system. Forth, when we reexamined social contract theory, the role of social contract and the egalitarianism in system designing was made clear. Fifth, the forward-looking agenda in social contract theory is consistency between the concept of cooperation imbedded in the contract of the social system and the modern ideas such as the concept of the public as well as privacy. John Roemer's criticism to the normative theory being reexamined, we have advanced the research regarding the role of"the veil of ignorance" to derive justice principles. Sixth, the axiomatic research of justice principles was applied to the case of the maximin principle for the problem of equity between the generations. Less