Historical Study in the Transmitting ＆ Receiving Process of Economic Crisis Information in Modern Japan

本研究以近代日本遭遇的经济危机为研究对象，着眼于危机相关信息如何渗透到社会中来，关注危机信息的地域差异和历史变迁。为了了解危机信息如何渗透的情况，笔者选取了6次危机(1890年危机、甲午战争后危机、后日俄战争危机、反弹危机、金融危机、昭和危机)，建立了一个主要报纸文章的信息速度、信息量和信息含量的数据库。特别是针对1927年的金融危机，我根据现有的35份报纸建立了一个文章数据库供参考。从信息渗透速度、信息量和信息量三个方面分析区域差异，得出以下结论：1.在危机的前半期(渡边银行、中井银行等4家银行的破产)，地方报纸的破产事件在当地没有相关的银行或分支机构，受到的关注较少。在后半期，台湾银行、大美银行、巨富银行相继破产后，包括本地报纸在内的所有报纸的文章数量都大幅增加，同时，“银行挤兑”的文章也消失了，尽管它们是前半期的文章。全面停职后，各大报章都强调“暂停”两个字，并成功地传播了这两个字。然而，很少有报纸明确解释为什么暂缓会让它变得稳定。大多数报纸除了制造稳定模式外，什么也没做。此外，现在澄清的是，目前在历史描述中用来代表金融危机的照片，当时并不是每个报纸读者都能读到的。

This study, relating to the economic crises that Modern Japan encountered, is made on the subject to elucidate how the crisis relevant information penetrated the society, paying attention to the regional differences and historical transitions.In order to comprehend the situation on how the crises information penetrated, I took 6 crises (1890 Crisis, Post Japanese-Sino War Crisis, Post Japanese-Russo War Crisis, Backlash Crisis, Financial Crisis, and Showa Crisis), and made a data-base for information speed, information amount, and information content of leading newspapers' articles.Especially for Financial Crisis in 1927, I made up an article data-base based on 35 newspapers now available to refer to. Analyzing regional differences from information penetration speed, information amount, and information content, I made conclusions as follows:1. In the early half period of the Crisis (bankruptcies of Watanabe Bank, Nakai Bank, and other 4 banks), little attention was paid to the bankruptcies by local newspapers in local districts with no relative banks or branches located.2. In the last half period, after all bankruptcies of Taiwan Bank, Ohmi Bank, and Jugo Bank, all the newspapers including local ones, remarkably increased the article amount, and at the same time, "bank-run" articles disappeared despite they were published in the previous half period.3. After the general suspension, every newspaper emphasized the word "moratorium", and they succeeded in spreading the words. However, few newspapers clearly explained on why moratorium could make it stable. Most newspapers did nothing but making the mode of stabilization.4. In addition, it is now clarified that photos currently used in historical descriptions to represent financial crisis were not so accessible to every newspaper reader at that time.