The management of industry-university cooperation in regions international, comparative and empirical analysis of biotechnology industry

本文对生物技术产业集群形成的早期阶段进行了研究，构建了一个新的框架，这将有效地帮助我们批判集群形成早期的产学研合作，并证明在支持和评价方面的政策问题。作为国内集群，以香川市的稀有糖生物技术集群为中心进行了案例研究；作为国外集群，以美国和欧洲的生物技术产业集群为案例研究。因此，我们指出在集群形成过程中存在两种成长，即社会成长（上市）和经济成长（经营），并指出应该分别对各自的成长进行支持和评价。已有研究证明，大学研究者的学术创业只会导致创业，即从大学开始的创业。我们还指出了其结果……更多的是建设基础设施，作为研究基地和创业。国内集群在发展初期，既面临着科研与商业联动的困难，又面临着在社区扎根的同时获得全球竞争优势的困难，面临着产学研的领域差距。然而，它现在正试图克服这些困难。与学术研究和商业一起，扎根于社区给作为集群核心的大学研究人员施加了非常复杂和扩展的作用。在这种情况下，企业家们正在行动。与国外集群相比，在国内集群中，由于组织之间的联系不紧密，支持组织的功能不强；由于研究与商业之间的分界线高度固定，我们缺乏能够衡量研究与商业之间联系的人才，培训这些人才的功能不强。这就是这项研究所证明的。少

We have researched the early stage of cluster formation in the biotechnology industry to build new framework which will effectively help to criticize industry-university co-operation in the early stage of cluster formation and, in addition, to prove problems of policy about support and evaluation. As domestic cluster, case studies centered on rare sugar biotechnology cluster in Kagawa were made, and as cluster in foreign countries, case studies of biotechnology industry cluster in the United States and Europe were made.Those led us to point out that there are two kinds of growth, social growth (being public) and economic growth (business) in the process of cluster formation and point out that it is desirable that support and evaluation suitable for respective growth should be done. Precedent researches have proved that academic entrepreneurship by researchers at university results only in starting business, in other words, a venture starting from university. We also pointed out it resu … More lts in building infrastructure which is a research base as well as starting business.Domestic cluster, in the early stage, faces difficulties in linkage between researches and business and faces difficulties in managing to be rooted in communities and to gain global competitive predominance at the same time, and faces a gap of domain between industry and university. It, however, attempts to overcome those difficulties now. Together with academic researches and business, being rooted in communities imposes a very complicated and expanded role on researchers at university who are the core of cluster. Under these circumstances, entrepreneurs are in action.In comparison with cluster in foreign countries, in domestic cluster, the function of supporting organizations is not strong because the organizations are not linked with each other well and we are short of talented people who are able to measure linkage between researches and business because the dividing line between researches and business is fixed highly, and the function of training those people is not strong. That's what this research has proved. Less