The Effects of Cultural and Environmental Factors on Adolescents' Health-Endangering Behaviors.

本研究旨在探讨文化和环境因素在青少年危害健康行为中的作用。一项跨国研究旨在探索导致吸烟行为的社会心理因素。这项研究的参与者是844名美国高中生（9^< >到12^< >年级）和734名日本学生（9^< >到12^< >年级）。调查结果显示，与美国人相比，日本终生吸烟者的比例更高（分别为32%和23%）。日本父母吸烟的比例更高。美国学生在自我增强和自我概念等自我相关变量上的得分更高，这支持了之前的研究。自尊和风险感知之间没有相关性。在吸烟的健康观念方面，美国人更有可能持有负面观念。当比较美国样本中的吸烟者和非吸烟者时，发现吸烟者认为危害健康行为的好处多于风险。

The current study was designed to investigate the role of cultural and environmental factors on adolescents' health-endangering behaviors. A cross-national study was conducted to explore psychosocial factors responsible for smoking behaviors. The study participants were 844 American high school students (9^<th> to 12^<th> graders) and 734 Japanese students (9^<th> to 12^<th> graders).The survey results demonstrated that the proportion of lifetime smokers was higher in Japanese compared to Americans (32% and 23%, respectively). The proportion of parents who smoke were higher among Japanese. Scores on self-related variables such as self-enhancement and self-concepts were higher among American students, which support previous studies. Correlations between self-esteem and risk perception were not observed. Concerning health beliefs on smoking, Americans were more likely to have negative beliefs. When comparing smokers to non-smokers of the American sample, it was found that smokers perceive more benefits than risks for health-endangering behaviors.