A Comprehensive Study for the Systemization and the Practical Application of "Value of Activity Time" Estimation in Weekends

量化时间价值（VOT）对于衡量交通项目在节省出行时间方面的效益非常重要。在发达国家，VOT在周末被认为比工作日更高，因为人们在周末的时间有限，无法分配给通常不在工作日进行的自由活动，例如家庭照顾。相反，在发展中国家，一个文化多样化的国家，提供者和用户似乎对VOT有不同的看法。本文提出了一种分析活动时间价值的方法。它认为，通过考虑自由活动的价值，应该在周末更详细地评估节省旅行时间的好处，以从理论上解释这些现象。在东京和雅加达进行了活动日记调查，以验证心理需求对人们假日活动的影响。最后，提出了一个基于显性偏好数据和边际活动选择的时间分配模型，并提出了基于显性偏好数据的活动时间分配模型。支撑这些模型的理论是马斯洛的心理需求理论、经济学中的消费者理论和离散选择模型。实证结果表明，个体的需求优先级影响时间分配。特别是，结果显示，在东京，周末的家庭时间比其他类型的活动更有价值，而在印度尼西亚，即使在工作日，家庭时间的价值也超过了工作时间。此外，时间分配模型的改进是通过考虑时间和金钱预算约束以及在数学上严格的微观经济效用最大化框架中明确地纳入潜在结构来完成的。这种时间分配模型的改进被认为是必要的，以便纳入不能直接测量的行为和社会心理因素，但它们确实对不同活动和VOT值的时间分配产生影响。在模型中纳入这些因素是为了真实地反映个人的生活方式和用户对时间使用的感知，以及了解个人对周末和工作日活动感知的不同VOT值。指导思想是，时间分配模型中的这种增强允许对时间分配决策中固有的行为进行更现实的表示，从而更好地估计分配给这些活动的时间价值。少

Quantifying the value of time(VOT) is important for measuring the benefit of transportation projects in terms of travel time saving. In developed countries, VOT is considered higher on weekends than, during the weekdays, because people have limited time on the weekend to allocate to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, such as family cares. In developing countries, on the contrary, a culturally diverse country, providers and users seem to have different perceptions of VOT. This paper presents a method of analyzing the value of activity time. It argues that the benefit of travel time saving should be evaluated in more detail on weekends by considering the value of discretionary activities, to explain these phenomena theoretically. Activity-diary surveys were conducted in Tokyo and Jakarta to verify the influence of psychological needs on people's holiday activities. Finally, a time-allocation model using revealed preference data and a marginal activity choice … More model using stated preference data are proposed to calculate the value of activity time. The theories underpinning these models are Maslow's psychological needs, consumer theory in economics, and a discrete choice model. The empirical results show that an individual's priority of need influences time-allocation. Particularly, the result shows that in Tokyo, family tune on weekends is more valuable than other types of activity, while in Indonesia the value of family time exceeds that of work time even on weekdays.Moreover, the improvement in the time allocation modeling is accomplished by considering both time and money budget constraints as well as explicitly incorporating latent constructs within mathematically rigorous microeconomic utility maximization framework. Such an enhancement in time allocation modeling is deemed essential in order to incorporate behavioral and socio-psychological factors that, cannot be measured directly but they do have influential effects on time allocations to different activities and VOT values. Inclusion of such factors in the model is the realistic representation of individual's life styles and user perceptions on time use as well as to understand the different VOT values perceived by the individuals for the activities in weekends and weekdays. The guiding philosophy is that such an enhancement in time allocation model allows for a more realistic representation of the behavior inherent in the time allocation decisions and consequently a better estimation of value of time allocated to those activities. Less