Bioprospecting targeted for domestic higher plant resource in search of anti-microbial chemical leads

1.西表岛植物样品的采集在冲绳县西表岛的野外调查中，采集了200多种植物样品。在野外采集时，为便于尽可能多地提取，将其分成若干部分，并制作了每种植物的标本。这些工作是在琉球大学热带生物圈研究中心西表站进行的。2.植物标本的鉴定由于国内标本馆中有关亚热带起源植物的资料不足，一些植物标本是在菲律宾马尼拉的菲律宾国家标本馆与Domingo M. Madulid博士合作鉴定的。这项海外研究显示，先前被鉴定为沙参的一种植物，原来是日本植物群中的稀有品种--。在撰写一篇有关云实化学成分的论文过程中，（南天一浦），一个搜索 ...更多信息 在文献中发现了一篇关于C. [医]嵴叶属作为属于相同云实属物种的植物Shirotsubu的同义词。为此，作者查阅了菲律宾国家植物标本馆的云实属植物标本，并对其同形异名关系进行了研究。从这次海外调查的结果来看，C. [医]嵴叶属对白津的错误鉴定主要来自于对植物样本的错误鉴定，其次来自于同音异义词。在其他云实属物种中也发现了混淆使用学名的情况，特别是Shirotsubu和Hasunomikazura。这两个物种通常被称为C。bonduc在缩短的形式，因此不能区分从一个到另一个，除非前者的名字是写在充分的C。bonducL.）Roxb.修订。Dandy et Exell和C. bonduc Roxb.，非L..这将是原因，迫使许多植物化学家使用不正确的名称云实属物种上述。3.植物样品的抗微生物活性对植物提取物文库的所有样品进行抗金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus），大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli），酿酒酵母和尼日尔。结果表明，对上述4种微生物有明显抑制作用的样品分别为124、4、28和24个。4.抗真菌成分的分离与结构鉴定通过反复色谱分离，从苏合香科苏合香的Pricarps和山茶科植物OK 1588的树皮中分离得到新的抗真菌成分。5.具有植物化学意义的新化合物的分离和结构鉴定除了针对抗微生物种子化学物质的分离的植物化学研究之外，还对可获得的化学信息较少的植物进行了植物化学研究。从苏合香（Styrax obassia）树皮、云实（Caesalpinia crista）叶和马桑（Coriaria japonica）果实中分离得到具有植物化学意义的新化合物，并通过波谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。少

1.Collection of plant samples at Iriomote IslandMore than 200 specie of plant samples were collected in the field survey at Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture. Those collected in the field were separated into parts for convenience in case of extraction as much as possible, and herbarium specimens of each plant species were also prepared. These works were undertaken at Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus.2.Identification of plant specimensDue to insufficient data available on plants of subtropical origin in domestic herbariums, some plant specimens were identified at Philippine National Herbarium, Manila, Philippines, in collaboration with Dr.Domingo M.Madulid. This overseas research revealed that the one previously identified as Adenophora affine was found to be Ecdysanthera utilis, a rare species in the flora of Japan. During the course of writing a scientific paper on chemical constituents of Caesalpinia crista L. (Nantenkazura), a search … More of literatures led to the finding of a paper that regarded C. crista L. as a synonym of Shirotsubu, a plant belonging to the same Caesalpinia species. Therefore, the author inspected specimens of Caesalpinia plants preserved at Philippine National Herbarium, and investigated their synonym-homonym relations. It was apparent from the results of this investigation carried out overseas that a name of C. crista L. given to Shirotsubu was mostly derived from erroneous identification of plant samples and to a lesser extent from homonym. The confused use of scientific names was also found in other Caesalpinia species, in particular, Shirotsubu and Hasunomikazura. Both species are often called C. bonduc in shortened forms, and thus cannot be distinguished from one to another unless the former name is written in full as C. bonduc (L.) Roxb. emend. Dandy et Exell and the latter as C. bonduc Roxb., non L.. This would be the reason that forces many of phytochemists to use improper names of Caesalpinia species mentioned above. It was also found that the identification of Shirotsubu and its allied Caesalpinia species should not be carried out from specimens without either flowers or fruits.3.Anti-microbial activity of plant samplesAll samples of the plant extract library that counts 2000 samples in total including those collected at Iriomote Island were subjected to anti-microbial assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger. The results were that 124, 4, 28 and 24 samples exhibited significant activities against those microorganisms, respectively.4.Isolation and structure elucidation of anti-fungus principlesPricarps of Styrax obassia (Styracaceae) and Barks of Camelliaceous plant OK1588 furnished new constituents as potent anti-fungus principles by repeated chromatographic separations. Their structures were elucidated as oleanane-type acyl saponins on the spectroscopic basis.5.Isolation and structure elucidation of new constituents of phytochemical significanceBesides chemical research on plants directed toward isolation of anti-microbial seed chemicals, phytochemical research was also undertaken on plants for which lesser chemical information was available. Novel types of constituents of phytochemical significance were obtained from barks of Styrax obassia, leaves of Caesalpinia crista and fruits of Coriaria japonica, and their structures were elucidated spectroscopically. Less