Mitigation Assessments for Rice produced in Southeast Asia: Digital Platform for Quantification and Planning exemplified for Vietnam

设想的项目旨在改进东南亚水稻生产系统的温室气体评估，这些评估来自最近完成的DFG研究小组ICON(在以水稻为主的景观中引入非淹水作物：对碳、氮和水循环的影响，1701)。尽管有充分的证据表明低排放水稻种植的技术可行性，但这些做法迄今尚未在更大范围内采用，这主要是因为对它们在水稻产量保持不变或增加时的减产潜力缺乏信息。这项技术转让将建立一个全面和功能齐全的温室气体计算框架，由地理信息系统数据储存库和用户友好的软件(统称为‘数字平台’)组成。这一平台将为越南提供示范，越南是一个主要的大米出口国，面临着对记录出口食品可持续生产做法的日益增长的需求。该平台将支持所有目前应用的基于排放系数的第1级/第2级方法，以及包含基于流程的模拟模型的第3级方法，即在ICON项目中开发和验证的Landscape DNDC。总体目标是：a)将模拟水稻植株生长和温室气体排放的DNDC模型集成到定制的用户友好软件中；b)汇编相关的数据库和说明性文件，并通过这一软件使潜在用户能够通过各种建模方法(第1层至第3层)量化水稻的温室气体排放；d)说明该平台在MRV(测量、报告、验证)和缓解规划方面的潜力；以及e)在个别缓解建议和项目的背景下，充实温室气体缓解的规划决策。该平台将以迭代的方式开发，以便从越南伙伴的角度获得他们对平台功能的反馈。与此同时，项目合作伙伴将对越南及其他地区的其他利益攸关方进行强化培训和外展。除了记录交易大米的温室气体足迹外，该平台还旨在根据《巴黎协定》支持越南和其他大米种植国的气候政策。鉴于水稻在国家温室气体预算中的重要性，在国家决定的贡献中承诺的越南缓解目标将取决于将这一生产系统作为国家决定的贡献的一个基本组成部分纳入--从而取决于对不同情景和规模的温室气体排放的准确量化。

The envisaged project aims at improving Greenhouse Gas Assessments in Rice Production Systems of SE Asia derived from results obtained in the recently completed DFG research group ICON (Introducing Non-Flooded Crops in Rice-Dominated Landscapes: Impact on Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Cycles, FOR 1701). In spite of ample evidence of technical feasibility of low-emission rice cultivation, these practices have so far not been adopted at wider scale, which is primarily due to an information deficit about their reduction potential with constant or increasing rice yields. This technology transfer will establish a comprehensive and fully functional framework of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) calculations consisting of GIS-data repositories and user-friendly software (collectively called ‘Digital Platform’). This Platform will be exemplified for Vietnam, a major rice-exporting country that is challenged by increasing demand for documenting sustainable production practices in exported food. The Platform will support all, the currently applied Tier 1/ Tier 2 approaches based on emission factors as well as Tier 3 which encompasses a process-based simulation model, namely LandscapeDNDC developed and validated in the ICON project. The overall objectives are to a) integrate the process-based LandscapeDNDC model simulating plant growth and GHG emissions from rice in a custom-made user friendly software, b) compile relevant data bases and explanatory documents and by this c) allow potential users to quantify GHG emissions from rice by various modeling approaches (Tier 1 to Tier 3), d) illustrate the potential of the Platform for MRV (Measurement, Reporting, Verification) and mitigation planning and e) substantiate planning decisions for GHG mitigation within the context of individual mitigation proposals and projects. The Platform will be developed in an iterative approach to obtain feedback from Vietnamese partners on the functionality of the Platform from their perspective. At the same time, the project partners will engage in intensive training and outreach to other stakeholders in Vietnam and beyond. Apart from documenting the GHG footprint of traded rice, the Platform is also geared toward supporting climate policies in Vietnam and other rice growing countries under the Paris Agreement. Given the significance of rice in the national GHG budget, the Vietnamese mitigation target committed in the Nationally Determined Contributions will rely on the inclusion of this production system as an essential component of the Nationally Determined Contribution -- and thus on accurate quantification of GHG emissions for different scenarios and scales.