Kosher Butchering and Kosher Butchering Debates in West Germany and the Young Federal Republic (1945/49-1965/72)

最近值得注意的是，犹太人和穆斯林的屠杀行为正在几个欧洲国家的立法机构的审查之下。由于限制性的法律规范或被完全禁止，没有事先击晕的仪式屠宰变得越来越困难。德国目前还没有修改屠宰法的具体计划，然而，宗教屠杀行为已经引起了右翼民粹主义者的注意，他们的政治努力也受到犹太社区的关注。然而，几乎被遗忘的是，在战后西德的早期，关于犹太人的宗教屠杀传统的政治、法律和社会冲突，这也被用作边缘化、诋毁和定罪犹太教和犹太人的机会。根据这些观察，研究项目的重点是探讨关于战后德国犹太人的洁食肉类规定以及关于洁食肉类生产的讨论。所涉及的问题将在广泛的经验基础上加以重建，从而有助于重塑战后时期的集体记忆。这本书的年表基本上是关于战争结束（或者分别是1949年德意志联邦共和国成立）和20世纪60年代中期（1972年动物保护法通过）之间的时期——因此强调的是年轻的西德过去，在这段时间里，对温血动物进行强制昏迷的争论仍然主要与西德犹太社区的宗教活动有关。这项研究还努力提供对战后仅几年的犹太社会的一般性质的见解，以及对“文明破裂”（zcivilisationsbruch）之后的非犹太主流社会的见解，换句话说，有助于解释和分类1945年后存在的复杂的犹太人和非犹太人关系。当质疑犹太社区和组织的政治策略时，涉及到与多数社会的各种行动者的争端，这个项目努力消除犹太研究、德国犹太人历史和当代一般德国历史之间的学科障碍。该研究侧重于广泛的相互交织的观点，这将使我们能够更仔细地了解犹太和非犹太特工及其联系和联系。

It has become noticeable in recent times that slaughtering as practiced by both Jews and Muslims is under scrutiny by legislatures in several European countries. Ritual slaughtering without prior stunning is becoming increasingly difficult, due to restrictive legal norms or by being totally prohibited. Specific plans to revise slaughter laws in Germany do not presently exist, nevertheless religious butchering practices have attracted the attention of right-wing populists, whose political efforts are also regarded by Jewish communities with concern. All but forgotten are, however, the political, legal and social conflicts concerning the religious slaughtering tradition of Jews in the early years of post-war West Germany, which were also used as an opportunity to marginalize, to discredit and to criminalize both Judaism and the Jews.In connection with these observations, the research project is focused on probing kosher meat provisions concerning Jews in post-war Germany as well as on discussions of kosher meat production. The issues involved are to be reconstructed on a broad empirical basis, herewith helping to reshape the collective memory of the post war period. The chronology will essentially pertain to the period between the end of the war (or the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, respectively) and the mid 1960s (with an outlook on the passing of the Animal Protection Law in 1972) – hence with emphasis on a younger West German past, in which the dispute on the compulsory stunning of warm-blooded animals still predominantly pertained to the religious practice of the Jewish community in West Germany.This research also strives to provide insights gained of the general nature of Jewish society only a few years after the war as well as of the non-Jewish mainstream society following the "rupture in civilization" (Zivilisationsbruch), in other words to contribute to interpreting and classifying the complex Jewish and non-Jewish relations that existed here after 1945. When questioning the political strategies of Jewish communities and organizations involved in the dispute with various actors of majority society, this project strives to level disciplinary barriers between Jewish studies, German-Jewish history and contemporary general German history. The study focuses on a wide range of interwoven perspectives which will enable us to take a closer look both at Jewish and non Jewish agents and their ties and contacts.