Nurses' awareness against nosocomial infection and onitoring of Methicillin resistant Staphyloccous aureus : a comparative study of developing country and Japan

采用问卷调查法对2003 - 2004年老挝16名护士的医院感染防范意识进行调查，并对其实际行为进行观察，以供今后参考。自1993年以来，老挝一直在监测耐药金黄色葡萄球菌。老挝5家社区医院的151名护士（回复率100%）和冲绳3家社区医院的223名护士（回复率50.5%）回答了问卷。大多数护士认为护士卷和洗手对预防医院感染非常重要。92%的老挝护士总想到医院感染，而65%的冲绳护士总想到医院感染。在接触体液、血液、尿液和粪便时戴手套的护士中，老挝占87%，冲绳占88.7%。其他护士回答说：“如果有的话。”在老挝，97%的护士在照顾肺结核病人时戴口罩，3%的护士什么都不戴。在老挝，65.3%的护士在护理感染病人时穿长袍，但在必要的场合中，实际洗手的比例仅为10.4%。个别护士的洗手率各不相同。然后是病人护理前后的洗手率之间的差异。只有几个护士正确地洗手。我们认为，两家医院缺乏必要的标准预防设备和设施。对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的监测表明，老挝人民民主共和国的医院正处于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌流行的初级阶段。应在老挝人民民主共和国的医院建立感染控制小组，并开展系统监测。因此，需要对老挝人民民主共和国进行系统的感染控制护理教育和严密的MRSA监测。

Nurses' awareness against nosocomial infection was examined by questionnaire and sixteen Laotian nurses' actual behaviors with standards precautions were observed for future reference from 2003 to 2004. Monitoring drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been carried out in Laos since 1993. 151 nurses (respond rate 100%) for 5 community hospitals in Laos and 223 nurses (respond rate 50.5%) for 3 community hospitals in Okinawa answered the questionnaire. Most nurses thought that the nurses' roll and hand washing were very important to prevent hospital infection. 92% of Laotian nurses always thought about nosocomial infection, but 65% of Okinawan nurses always thought about it. 87% of nurses who wore gloves when touching body fluid substance, blood, urine and feces were in Lao and 88.7% in Okinawa. Other nurses answered "If available." 97% of nurses wore masks when taking care of tuberculosis patients in Lao, 3% didn't wear anything. 65.3% of nurses wore gowns in an infected patient care, but actual hand-washing was seen in only 10.4% of the necessary occasions in Laos. Individual nurses' hand-washing rates differ from each other. Then there is a difference between the rate of hand-washing before and after patient care. There were only a few nurses who washed their hands properly. We think that the necessary equipment and facilities for standard precaution are scarce in 2 hospitals. Monitoring of MRSA suggests that the hospitals are in the initial stage of an MRSA epidemic in Lao PDR. Infection control teams should be established and systematic surveillance should be carried out in the hospitals in Lao PDR. Therefore, systematic nursing education about infection control and careful monitoring of MRSA in Lao PDR are required.