L-PBF in-situ process monitoring instrumentation

提出了一种具有原位发射光谱、真空室和封装空间减小的激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）装置，以获得对（纳米颗粒添加剂）金属粉末加工的理解。在LPBF过程中通过原位光谱跟踪化学成分并在三维中对其进行重建对于将成分变化与微结构形成和3D器件特性相关联至关重要。同时，X射线荧光（XRF）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）用于LPBF制造零件后的元素分析。然而，这种非原位方法需要繁琐和耗时的准备，几乎不适合全三维重建。集成光学发射光谱（OES）的LPBF仪器为现场元素分析提供了一种快速的方法。OES已经成功地用于激光焊接，能够对粉末床中熔化激光束的二维位置进行原位金属蒸气分析，并通过软件将其组装成3D信息。此外，现场测量的发射光谱（特别是元素比）和体相组成的相关性将通过非破坏性的ex-situ XRF和EDX映射的横截面。增材激光粉末床熔合（L-PBF）工艺注定要用于OES，因为在这里，三维部件通过金属粉末材料的局部熔化和固化以约20 µm至100 µm的层构建。L-PBF工艺的层构建原理和层生成的数字性质将在所提出的设备中被利用，以在工艺期间在真实的时间中分析激光诱导发射，并获得对所制造的部件的组成的完整空间分析。该仪器将使人们能够更好地理解沿着粉末特性链的过程，LPBF加工和微观结构/零件特性。因此，拟议的L-PBF原位过程观测仪器占据了关键地位，对参与椅子的材料科学，制造和物理研究谱产生了杠杆效应。

A laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) device with in-situ emission spectroscopy, vacuum chamber, and package space reduction is proposed to gain understanding of (nanoparticle-additivated) metal powder processing. Tracking the chemical composition during the LPBF process by in-situ spectroscopy and reconstructing it in three dimensions is critical to correlate compositional changes with microstructure formation and 3D device properties. Concomitantly, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used for elemental analysis after LPBF-fabrication of parts. However, such ex situ methods require tedious and time-consuming preparation and are hardly suitable for full 3D reconstruction. The proposed LPBF instrument with integrated optical emission spectroscopy (OES) provides a fast method for in situ elemental analysis. The OES, which has already been successfully demonstrated for laser welding, enables in-situ metal vapor analysis of the respective two-dimensional position of the melting laser beam in the powder bed, which is to be assembled into 3D information by software. In addition, the correlation of the in situ measured emission spectra (especially element ratios) and the bulk composition will be worked out by means of non-destructive ex-situ XRF and EDX mapping of transverse sections. The additive laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process is predestined for the use of OES, since here three-dimensional components are built up in layers of about 20 µm to 100 µm by local melting and solidification of metallic powder material. The layer building principle of the L-PBF process and the digital nature of the layer generation will be exploited in the proposed device to analyze the laser-induced emissions in real time during the process and to obtain a complete spatial analysis of the composition of the manufactured part. The instrument will enable better understanding of the processes along the chain of powder properties, LPBF processing and microstructure/part properties. The proposed L-PBF in-situ process observation instrument thus occupies a key position that exerts a leverage effect on the materials science, manufacturing and physics research spectrum of the participating chairs.