Development of Teaching the Structure and Function of the Human Body in Nursing Education

人体的结构和功能是护理教育中的一门重要学科。然而，有人声称，这门学科对发展护理服务的贡献很小。本研究旨在厘清这一学科在护理教育中的作用，并提出突破性建议，以期在护理教育中进一步发展这一学科。首先，在学生中进行专家会议和焦点小组访谈，讨论了以下主题：1.通过案例学习；2.将身体结构和功能与护理联系起来；3.知识和实践并重的进修课程；4.关注疾病；5.演示护理实践；6.运用视听材料。利用这些发现，我们设立了一个实验班并进行了分析。结果，通过案例学习，展示护理在具体情境中的作用，学生似乎了解了护理，以及如何将人体结构和功能的知识应用于护理实践。角色扮演方法也有助于学生理解患者。第三步，通过与大学临床护理专家、医生和教职员工的多次会议，制定了消化系统、内分泌系统、骨骼系统三个主题的课程指南和课程设置。在课程开始时，学生面对一个形象化的病人及其生活，从生理、心理和社会各方面了解病人的问题。然后将身体上的问题集中起来，与日常生活联系起来讲述。为了便于自学，讲座的正文部分附了“准备部分”和“复习和继续学习部分”，其中包括患者的病历和测试。

The structure and function of the human body is regarded as a subject of fundamental importance in nursing education. However, it has been claimed that the subject contributes little towards developing nursing care. This study aims to clarify the role of this subject in nursing education and to presents break-through proposals that will enable a start to be made in developing the subject further in nursing education. At first, specialists' sessions and focus group interviews among students were conducted, and the following topics had been addressed : 1.learning through case studies, 2.connecting body structure and function with nursing, 3.refresher courses in both knowledge and practice, 4.focus on disease, 5.demonstrating nursing practice, and 6.using audio-visual material. Utilizing these findings, an experimental class was set up and analyzed. As the results, learning through case studies and demonstrating the role of nursing in a concrete situation, students appeared to understand the nursing, and how knowledge of structure and function of the human body applies to nursing practice. Role-playing methods also helped students to understand the patient. As the third step, the course guidelines about three topics, namely digestive system, endocrine system, and skeletal system and curriculum were created through several meetings with clinical nurse specialists, medical doctors and teaching staff in the university. In the course, at the start students face a visualized patient and his/her life and learn patient's problems from various aspects physically, psychologically and socially. Then the physical problems are focused and told in the relation to the daily life. For self-learning, 'the preparation section' with medical record and tests of the patient and 'the review and further study section' are attached to the main text of the lecture.