Development of a death education program for middle aged people in fostering ability to survive

本研究的目的在于发展一套针对中年人的死亡教育计划，以培养他们的生存能力。培养人到中年时的生存能力将有助于应对未来的痛苦，如疾病、损失和面对死亡。本研究分为三个步骤。第一步是调查护理、医学和宗教科学学院教师死亡教育的实际情况。69个学院回答了他们的死亡教育实践。他们几乎都在课堂上讲授死亡的定义、临终病人的社会心理问题以及照顾临终者的方法。有20个学院为公众进行死亡教育。第二步是描述晚期患者的生存能力。13名探访护士及15名安宁疗护护士参与本研究。通过对护士记录的分析，临终病人的生存能力意味着病人有并保持了自己的希望或愿望。患者的希望和愿望由“生活态度”、“存在感”、“客体”和“重要他人关系”组成。第三步，以人类关怀的理念为基础，发展中年人的死亡教育项目，培养生存能力。该项目由两个模块组成，进行小组讨论。一个模块是健康促进，因为中年人注重健康生活。这将是参与者的动力。另一个模块是他们对生活的态度，因为这将成为他们未来希望的源泉。在未来的日子里，应对痛苦最重要的是人们接受他们过去的生活事件和他们的痛苦。

The purpose of this study was to development of a death education program for middle-aged person in fostering ability to survive. Fostering ability to survive in middle age will contribution to cope with suffering in days to come, such as illness, loss and facing with death. This study was consisted of three steps.1.The first step was to investigate the actual conditions of death education that faculty of school of nursing, medical and science of religion. 69 faculties answered about their practice of death education. Almost all of them taught at class about definition of death, psychosocial issue of terminal patient and means of taking care of dying person. Twenty faculties did death education for the general public.2.The second step was to describe the ability of survive in terminal patients. 13 visiting nurses and 15 hospice nurses participated in this study. By the analysis of nurses' transcriptions, the ability of survive of terminal patient meant patients had and maintained their own hope or wish. Patients' hope and wish were consisted of ‘attitude of life', ‘presence feeling', ‘object' and ‘bonds of significant others.'3.The third step was to develop of a death education program for middle-aged person in fostering ability to survive based on concept of human caring. This program was consisted in two modules carry out in-group session. One module was health promotion, because middle-aged people ware oriented healthy life. It will be motivation of participants. Another module was making attitude to their life, because it will become origin of hope in their future. Most important thing to cope with suffering in days to come will people accept their past life event and their suffering.