Genealogy of "Prudence"- on the genesis of the free subject of deliberation-

本研究的主题是在“审慎谱系”项目的标题下，厘清“审慎/phronesis”概念转变的谱系——关于审议自由主体的起源——现代词汇“审慎”是直接出现的，而“prevoyance”和“Klugheit”只是拉丁语“prudentia”的德语或法语翻译。“谨慎”也是希腊语“phronesis”的翻译，因此这些词一直存在，并对西方公民的生活方式以及哲学/政治思想和科学产生了强大的影响。但是，卢梭、史密斯、康德、密尔和西格威克等人所使用的“谨慎”、“预见”和“Klugheit”的含义，其概念内核是“享乐主义的计算”，来自于功利主义传统，如柏拉图的“普罗塔戈拉”和伊壁鸠鲁的“给米诺切斯的信”中的“phronesis”。他们没有保留亚里士多德的非功利主义概念“phronesis”的任何痕迹。更多的快乐（eudaimonia）作为最高善或功利主义“审慎”的最终目标（telos）是作为心理状态的最大快乐。而亚里士多德的“实践”则是“灵魂的活动本身与美德相一致”。所以“谨慎”的主体是非个人的，没有任何具体的身份，但“phronesis”的主体必然是个人的，具有人格的完整性，可以与俄狄浦斯，安提戈涅和美狄亚等希腊悲剧中的人物有相似之处。在这个意义上，“phronesis”的具体和本质功能是关心一个人的身份，而“prudence”的功能只是关心一个客观主体的快乐和痛苦的数量最大化。从这样的角度出发，我可以完成“Between Prudence and Phronesis”这篇论文，并为继续进行这一研究提供了一定的前景。我计划明年（2007年3月）出版与该论文同名的书籍。”少

The main theme of this research is making clear the genealogy of the transformation of the concept "prudence/phronesis" under the tittle of project ‘Genealogy of "Prudence"- on the genesis of the free subject of deliberation-'The modern word "prudence" is coming directly, and "prevoyance" and "Klugheit" are just german or french translation from latin "prudentia". "prudentia" again is the translation of greek word "phronesis" and thus these words have kept alive and had strong influence over the way of living of the western citizens and the philosophical/political thought and sciences.But the meaning of "prudence", "prevoyance" and "Klugheit" used by Rouseaux, Smith, Kant, Mill and Sidgewick and so on, have got their conceptual kernel as ‘hedonistic calculation' from just the utilitarian tradition like the "phronesis" of Plato's "Protagoras" and Epicurus' "letter to Menoeceus". They have not retained any trace of the meaning of the non-utilitarian concept "phronesis" of Aristotles.Happ … More iness (eudaimonia) as the highest good or the final aim (telos) of the utilitarian "prudence" is the maximum of pleasures as the psychological states of mind. But that of "phronesis" (Aristotelian) is "activity itself of the soul in accordance with virtue". So the subject of "prudence" is impersonal whithout any concrete identities, but that of "phronesis" is necessarily personal with the integrity of character and could share an affinity with the characters of the greek tragedies like Oedipus, Antigone and Medea. In this meaning, the concrete and essential function of "phronesis" is caring about the identity of a person whereas that of "prudence" is careing about just only maximizing the quantity of pleaure and pain of a impersonal subject.From such a point view, I could complete the paper "Between Prudence and Phronesis" and got some sure prospect for proceeding along with this reseaching. And I am now planning to publish a book under the same tittle of the paper next year (March 2007). Less