Analysis of Texts and a Basic Lexicon of the Abkhaz Language

本专著由两部分组成，第一部分是“文本分析”。原文摘自S.Zykhuba（ed.）（1997年）和Xj.Salaq'aja（编辑）（1975年）。这些文本包含一个神话故事和三个民间故事，似乎是从讲阿布赫瓦方言（文本I，II，IV）和Bzyp方言（文本III）的埃塞俄比亚人那里收集的。2004-2005年，在格鲁吉亚与我的顾问Ana Tsvinaria合作进行了文本分析。在“文本分析”中，文本已经根据我在“阿布哈兹动词结构研究”（2004）中使用的理论框架进行了语法分析。这些文本还被翻译成英文，并附有逐字翻译和语言注释。《文本分析》中的几乎所有单词和一些短语都可以在第二部分《阿布哈兹语基本词汇》中找到。本文附录了一篇关于阿布哈兹语前置助词的文章，这是一种常见于民间故事文本中的助词。这本专著的第二部分是一个基本词汇，是根据我六年多来的田野调查数据编辑的。在这里，我首先试图描述三种形式的现在、祈使和祈使，它们总是包含在每个动词中的否定形式。同样，我介绍了动词插槽是如何填补了有限和非有限形式的行为前缀。据我所知，我认为这个试验以前从未进行过。这个基本词汇也被扩展了许多例子，并包含复数形式的名词，前缀和后缀，其中重音的位置也被考虑在内。此外，《阿布哈兹动词倒序词典》作为附录增加，其中，本基本词典中的所有动词按词干倒序排列。这本反向词典将有助于研究阿布哈兹语动词形态和阅读文本。

This monograph consists of two parts, the first of which is "Analysis of Texts". The original texts are taken from S.Zykhuba (ed.) (1997) and Xj.Salaq'aja (ed.) (1975). These texts, containing one mythological tale and three folktales, seem to be collected from Abkhazians who spoke in Abkhwa dialect (Text I, II, IV) and Bzyp dialect (Text III). Analysis of texts was conducted in cooperation with my consultant, Ana Tsvinaria in 2004-2005 in Georgia. In "Analysis of Texts" the texts have been grammatically analyzed in terms of a theoretical framework I used in "Studies in the Abkhaz Verbal Structure" (2004). The texts have also been translated into English with literal translations and linguistic notes. Almost all words and some phrases in "Analysis of Texts" can be found in the second part, "A Basic Lexicon of the Abkhaz Language". An article about prefixal particles in Abkhaz, which are often found in folktale texts, is added to the present work as an appendix.The second part of this monograph is a basic lexicon edited on the basis of the data I researched in my fieldwork over six years. Here, I first of all have tried to describe three forms of present, aorist and imperative, which always contain their negative forms in every verb. Likewise, I present how the verbal slots are filled by actant prefixes in both the finite and non-finite forms. As far as I know, I think that this trial has never been done before. This Basic Lexicon has also been extended with many examples and contains nouns with plural forms, prefixes and suffixes where the position of stresses is also considered. Furthermore, "A Reverse Dictionary of the Abkhaz Verbs", in which all verbs in this Basic Lexicon are arranged in reverse order according to their stems, is added as an appendix. This Reverse Dictionary will be useful for studying Abkhaz verbal morphology and reading texts.