American Political Science in the Formative Years

进步主义时期是美国政治学的形成时期。本文主要研究这一时期（从“美国政治学协会”成立到一战结束）美国政治学“美国化”的内容和语境，即美国政治学从德国的国家主义或国家社会主义思潮转向与英国多元主义国家理论相呼应的社会过程论。分析视角的转变带来了美国政治的多元理论，并导致了自由民主理论的形成。美国政治学通过对政治过程的实证分析、心理分析和社会中心分析，确定了美国政治在政府和社会内在的多元结构中的特殊性。在这种背景下，政治学发现了利益集团在美国政治中的重要作用，并要求政党政府通过政治领导来承担责任。世纪之交是美国政治和社会的转型时期。在这些背景下，公共行政的理论化在这一时期开始与进步主义有关。本研究也探讨了城市和联邦政府改革的一些趋势，这些结果将被继承到“发展年代”（从20世纪20年代到第二次世界大战结束）的研究。

The period of Progressivism was the formative years of American political science. The research focuses on the contents and contexts of "Americanization" in the American Political Science of this period (from the foundation of "the American Political Science Association" to the end of the World War I).American Political Science transformed itself from the intellectual trends of staatslehre or staatswissenschaft in Germany to society-oriented process theory in resonance with pluralist theory of the state in England. The shift of analytical point of view brought a pluralistic theory of American politics, and led to the liberal democratic theory which was afterwards elaborated during the developmental years.American Political Science ascertained the particularities of American politics in a pluralistic structure inherent in its government and society through the empirical, psychological and society-centered analysis of political processes. In these contexts the political science found the vital functions of interest groups in American politics, and also demanded the necessity to make the party government responsible by political leadership.The turn of the century was the period of transformation of American politics and society. In these contexts theorization of public administration started during this period in connection with Progressivism. This research explores also some trends of reformations in urban and federal governments.These result is to be succeeded to the study of the "developmental years" (from 1920s to the end of World War II).