Research on Agri-Food Private Brands for Securing Reliability of Food Traceability

1.食物保证计划对改善食物安全的要求第一项研究探讨了食物保证计划的要求，以改善食物安全。该研究分析了英国的放心食品标准(AFS)。A)在AFS计划中，整个食物链的每一步都由独立的检查机构进行检查。独立检查为这些计划提供了可信度和透明度。B)UKAS认证确保AFS计划真正独立于农民和生产者。C)AFS标准大大高于法定最低标准。AFS标准对兽医健康计划、沙门氏菌监测、饲料和种子的可追溯性、牲畜的福利、牲畜运输计划、杀虫剂使用和所有药物的详细记录保存以及抗生物生长促进剂的预防都有严格的要求。D)AFS的牛肉、牛奶、猪和鸡肉计划有贯穿整个食物链的可追溯性系统。TH…2.粮食保障计划和粮食自给自足第二项研究考察了气候变化对日本粮食生产、粮食自给自足和粮食保障计划的影响。A)这项研究调查了气候变化对粮食生产的预期影响。田间试验表明，水稻减产与平均最低气温升高密切相关。B)日本粮食自给自足高度依赖进口食品，进口食品主要来自有限国家，如美国、澳大利亚和中国。日本的粮食供应极易受到极端天气事件的影响。在气候变暖的情况下，人们越来越担心粮食供应的不安全和粮食欺诈。C)JAS生产信息系统和JA的Zenno Anshin系统的案例研究表明，食品保证计划可以核实国内食品的来源和食品安全。这些计划可以为国内放心食品提供相对于进口食品的竞争优势。较少

1.The Requirements of Food Assurance Schemes in Improving Food SafetyThe first research examined the requirements of food assurance schemes in order to improve food safety. The research analyzed Assured Food Standards (AFS) in the UK. a)In AFS schemes, every step in the whole food chain is inspected by independent inspection bodies. The independent inspections provide credibility and transparency for the schemes. b)UKAS accreditation ensures that AFS schemes are truly independent from farmers and producers. c)The AFS standards are considerably higher than the legal minimum. The AFS standards have strict requirements for veterinary health plans, salmonella monitoring, traceability of feedstuffs and seeds, welfare of livestock, livestock transport schemes, detailed record-keeping of pesticide application and all medicines administrated, and prevention of anti-biotic growth promoters. d)Beef, milk, pigs, and chicken schemes in AFS have traceability systems through the whole food chain. Th … More ese schemes require detailed record-keeping procedures for feedstuffs, cattle movement, flock movement, and pesticide use.2.Food assurance schemes and food self-sufficiencyThe second research examined the relationship between the climate change impacts on Japanese food production, food self-sufficiency and food assurance schemes. a)The research investigated the projected impacts of climate change on food production. Field experiments showed there was a close linkage between the decrease in rice yield and the increase in mean minimum temperature. b)Japanese food self-sufficiency is highly dependent on imported foods which are mainly supplied from limited countries, such as the US, Australia and China. Japanese food supply is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events. There is an increased concern about insecurity in food supply and food frauds under the warming climate. c)The case studies of JAS production information system and JA's Zenno Anshin System suggest that food assurance schemes can verify origins and food safety of domestic foods. These schemes could provide a competitive edge for domestic assured foods in relation with imported foods. Less