Cross-cultural study on the meaning of self-esteem and its measurement in cultural context

通过内隐联想测验（IAT）测量的内隐自尊（伊势）被发现在日本、美国、和中国此外，我们的研究重复了以前的发现，美国人表现出更高的外显自尊的外显自尊的措施比日本人和中国人。我们还证实，伊势与日本人的规划谬误呈正相关，规划谬误指的是人们倾向于对规划的结果持乐观态度。这些结果为IAT在日本人中的预测效度提供了支持。同时考察了IAT和小鼠范式（MP）测量自我概念的结构效度。自我概念的动态指数测量的MP进行了检查沿着与既定的自尊问卷和IAT，这是一个衡量伊势的基础上的反应潜伏期。结果支持MP沿着IAT的有效性。此外，自我概念和伊势的内在动力被发现是相关的。此外，我们还对与自尊密切相关的心术进行了研究。门祖是一个与社会角色相关的公众形象。我们试图显示Mentsu和自尊之间的差异，这代表了一个人的自我评价的积极性。结果表明，其他人参与的Mentsu事件比自尊相关的事件。

Implicit self-esteem (ISE) as measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was found to be universality positive in Japan, the U.S., and China. In addition, our study replicated a previous finding that Americans show higher explicit self-esteem on explicit measures of self-esteem than Japanese and Chinese. We also confirmed that ISE is positively correlated with planning fallacy among Japanese, which refers to people's tendency to be optimistic about the outcome of their planning. These results provide support to the predictive validity of IAT among Japanese. The construct validity of IAT and the mouse paradigm (MP) when they were applied to measure self-concept was also examined. The dynamic index of the self-concept as measured by MP was examined along with established self-esteem questionnaires and IAT, which is a measure of ISE based upon response latency. The results supported the validity of MP along with IAT. In addition, the intrinsic dynamics of self-concept and ISE were found to be related. Furthermore, we conducted a study on Mentsu, which is closely related to self-esteem. Mentsu is a public image related to one's social role. We attempted to show the difference between Mentsu and self-esteem, which represents positivity of one's self-evaluation. The result indicated that others are involved in Mentsu episodes more than self-esteem-relevant episodes.