The Formation of the Japanese Music Teacher Education in the Post-World War II Period : A Comparative Study with the United States

本研究的目的是要厘清日本音乐教师教育在第二次世界大战结束后发展的特色与问题。本研究比较了当时日本和美国的音乐教师教育计划，包括两国教师教育原则的背景，以及美国占领政策对日本教育的影响。通过与国家一级音乐教育专业标准的比较，可以看出日本音乐教师教育专业的主要特点：1）方法课程强调音乐教育的理论和原则; 2）音乐教育的学科课程与学校音乐实践的直接联系较少，这些特点反映了日本与美国教师教育理念的差异，它源于日本对美国占领政策的解读。当今日本的音乐教育方法课程和学科课程问题依然严重。战后美国的音乐教师教育计划也在努力克服类似的问题，为日本音乐教师教育的现状提供了一些比较的视角。

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics and problems of the Japanese music teacher education program developed right after the end of World War II. The study compares Japanese and American music teacher education programs at that time and includes background on both nations' teacher education principles, as well as the effect of the American occupation policy on Japanese education. The comparison of the proposed national level standards of music education programs revealed the following main characteristics of the Japanese music teacher education program : 1)The methods courses emphasized the theory and principles of music education ; and 2)The subject-matter courses had little direct relation to school music practice.These features reflected the difference between Japanese and American teacher education principles, which originated from the Japanese interpretation of the American occupation policy. The problems of the music education methods courses and subject-matter courses are still serious in present day Japan. The post-war American music teacher education program, which was striving to overcome similar problems, provided some comparative viewpoints on the current status of Japanese music teacher education.