Mobility and communication in the Early Neolithic of Middle Europe – the pottery of Herxheim as indicator for supra-regional sociocultural networks in the final stage of the Linearbandkeramik

在赫克希姆，非居民地区风格的装饰陶器的数量比所有其他已知的班德克米克遗址都要多得多。这些陶器来自八个不同风格的省份，与各自装饰风格的地理区域一致，每种风格的数量各不相同。埃尔斯特-萨勒地区和波西米亚地区是赫克希姆陶器风格中最遥远的地区，其距离长达400公里(西北波西米亚，易北河流域上游)。对赫克希姆不同风格地区的陶片进行的粘土分析表明，制作陶器的原材料的地球化学指纹可以根据各个碎片上存在的不同装饰风格来区分。因此，我们不得不假设，来自不同地理区域的陶器被带到了赫克希姆，这表明班德克米克人在赫克希姆有很高的流动性，他们把陶器留在了那里。这项计划中的研究将聚焦于“新石器时代早期的流动性”这一主题，旨在为欧洲早期农民文化的这一重要方面做出贡献。赫克斯海姆遗址拥有来自不同地区风格省份的大量和广泛的外地陶器，几乎注定要进行这样的研究。研究的目标之一是扩大赫克希姆所代表的地区装饰风格的装饰曲目。考虑到许多器皿的保存状况相当好，将有可能创造出整个装饰品套装的解卷。这可能第一次使人们有可能更准确地定义地区Bandkeramik风格的相似性和差异性，并对它们进行统计评估(装饰动机的系列化)。在这种研究的可能结果的范围内，还有让一种风格从另一种风格演变的发展路线的图示。还有可能显示某些地区风格之间的联系。这就引出了这项研究的第二个主要目标：分析已故班德克米克的社会文化和交往网络。将应用社会网络分析(SNA)，它为识别和分析社会文化网络提供了各种工具，其中，在考古学中早已批准的统计方法，如聚类分析、系列化和对应分析开始运作。SNA允许对区域和超区域网络进行定义，这些网络源于不同人类群体之间的不同联系，这些联系可以是具有社会、经济和/或物质特性的。尤其是在对同时代的、空间上分离的群体的区分考察中，陶器装饰是一种非常合适的工具，可以用来界定和评估中欧新石器时代早期农民群体世界中的各种网络。

In Herxheim a much bigger amount of pottery with decoration in non-resident regional styles was found than at all other known Bandkeramik sites. The pottery comes, in varying amounts per style, from eight different style provinces which are congruent with the geographical areas of the respective decoration styles. With up to 400 km distance (Northwest Bohemia, upper Elbe valley) as the crow flies, the Elster-Saale-area and Bohemia are the most distant regions represented among the pottery styles at Herxheim. Clay analyses of sherds from various style regions found in Herxheim constrain that the geochemical fingerprints of the raw material the pottery was made from can be distinguished following the various decoration styles present on the respective sherds. Thus we have to suppose that ceramic vessels from diverse geographic areas were brought to Herxheim indicating a high degree of mobility of the Bandkeramik people who were present at Herxheim and left their pottery there. The planned study will zoom in on the topic “early Neolithic mobility” and aims at contributing to this important aspect of the early peasant cultures in Europe. The site of Herxheim with its multitude and wide spectrum of non-local pottery from different regional style-provinces is virtually predestined for such a study.One objective of the study is the amplification of the decoration repertoire of the regional ornamentation styles represented at Herxheim. Considering the rather good state of preservation of many of the vessels it will be possible to create unwindings of whole ornament sets. This might for the first time render it possible to more exactly define similarities as well as differences of the regional Bandkeramik styles and evaluate them statistically (seriation of the decoration motives). In the scope of possible results of such a study is in addition the illustration of development lines that let one style evolve from another one. It might also be possible to show connections between certain of the regional styles. This leads to the second principal object of the study: the analysis of socio-cultural and communicative networks of the late Bandkeramik. Social network analysis (SNA) will be applied, which offers miscellaneous tools for the identification and analysis of socio-cultural networks, among which long since in archaeology approved statistical methods like cluster analysis, seriation and correspondence analysis come into operation. SNA allows for the definition of regional and supraregional networks originating from diverse connections between different human groups, connections that can be of social, economic and/or material specific character. Especially in the differentiated examination of contemporaneous, spatially separated groups the decoration of pottery is an exceptionally appropriate tool for the definition and evaluation of miscellaneous kinds of networks in the world of the early Neolithic peasant communities in Middle Europe.