A peripheral nerve reproduction control structure by one oxidized form galectin-1 instruction macrophage.

氧化半乳糖凝集素-1(GAL-1/0x)刺激巨噬细胞促进周围神经损伤后轴突再生。但是，GAL-1/0x的作用机制，即如何调控巨噬细胞，目前尚不清楚。本实验观察了Gal-/Ox对培养的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(INOS)四种损伤相关分子表达的影响。RT-PCR分析显示，1 ng/mlGal-1/0x可上调IL-6和iNOS的mRNA表达，而Gal-1/0x对其余各组的表达无明显影响。升高的IL-6可能会促进周围神经的轴突再生，但上调iNOS，促进氧化，可能会损害再生神经。这个问题通过以下实验得到了解决。利用脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞促进细胞因子…的表达是一种典型的刺激物质更多的NE和iNOS。当10~100 ng/mlLPS作用于培养的巨噬细胞时，IL-1LIF、IL-6、β和iNOSmRNA的表达均上调。1 ng/mlGal-1/0x处理使其表达减少。Gal-1/0x浓度降至0.1 ng/ml时抑制作用减弱，0.01 ng/mlGal-1/0x处理后抑制作用不明显。这些结果表明，Gal-1/0x可能将IL-1LIF、IL-6、β和诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达调节到合适的水平，否则可能会过度损伤损伤组织。已证实Galectin-1以还原形式存在于损伤周围神经的神经元、轴突和雪旺细胞中，氧化后分泌到细胞外间隙，转化为氧化型Galectin-1，Gal-1/0x可限制巨噬细胞适量分泌因子，从而促进修复。由于GAL-1/0x、巨噬细胞和内毒素在全身炎症中常见，GAL-1/0x有望改善炎症。较少

Oxidized galectin-1 (GAL-1/0x) stimulates macrophages to promote axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves after nerve injury. But, the mechanism of GAL-1/0x, how to regulate macrophages, remains to be clarified. Here we demonstrated effects of GAL-/Ox on mRNA expression of four injury related molecules, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in cultured rat peritoneal macrophages. RT-PCR analysis revealed that IL-6 as well as iNOS mRNA expressions were up-regulated by the treatment with 1 ng/ml GAL-1/0x, but the other mRNA did not show significant differences by the application of GAL-1/0x. Increased IL-6 may promote axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves, but up-regulated iNOS, promoting oxidization, may damage regenerating nerves. This problem was resolved by the following experiments. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the typical substance to stimulate macrophages to promote mRNA expressions of cytoki … More nes and iNOS. When 10 to 100 ng/ml LPS was applied to cultured macrophages, mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, LIF, and iNOS were up-regulated. The treatment of 1 ng/ml GAL-1/0x reduced their expressions. This inhibition by GAL-1/0x treatment reduced with decreasing its concentration to 0.1 ng/ml and 0.01 ng/ml GAL-1/0x showed no significant inhibitory effect. These results indicate the possibility that GAL-1/0x regulates expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, LIF, and iNOS to a suitable level, otherwise damaging injured tissues in an excess. Since it has been proved that galectin-1 locates as a reduced form in neurons, their axons, and Schwann cells in injured peripheral nerves and is secreted into extra-cellular space to change into oxidized galectin-1 after oxidization, GAL-1/0x may restrict macrophages to secrete the factors in a proper amount resulting with the promotion of recovery. Since GAL-1/0x, macrophage, and LPS are commonly seen in general inflammation, GAL-1/0x is expected to improve inflammation. Less