Study of the aging of CaCO3 used on the restoration, and its manufacturing technique

研究用于颜料、壁画和石膏工程的碳酸钙的原材料和制造过程对于保护和修复文化财产非常重要。石灰石和贝壳被称为碳酸钙的原料。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对石灰石和碳酸钙用贝壳的形态进行了鉴别。贝壳破碎后的形态各具特色，表现出与石灰岩不同的形态。煅烧后，石灰石和贝壳的形态仍保持破碎状态，表面具有多孔结构。石灰岩的孔洞尺寸远小于贝壳的孔洞尺寸。石灰岩的风化碳酸化后，虽然保持了原有的形态，但贝壳的形态已经变得脆弱，变成了粉末。结果表明，石灰岩和贝壳的区分是可能的 ...更多信息 以粒子的形式。由此可知，碳酸钙的原料是贝壳或石头，甚至是贝壳型。重点研究了贝壳类矿物生长的差异，并尝试制作了一张区分贝壳类矿物生长的图表。该图表易于与显微镜一起使用。煅烧后的复合粒子为外延生长，并保持了壳结构的形状。贝壳的形状有很多空缺，变得易碎。在石灰石中，它比贝壳更坚硬。我们可以知道粒子是否被煅烧过。可见，显微镜观察比仪器分析能提供更多的信息，另一方面，我们还观察了这些材料在暴露试验后的内部和外部形态。结果表明，虽然CaCO3的透明度和表面粗糙度与对照不同，但仍可以确定一种原材料。最后，建立了利用CaCO3判断原材料和文物劣化情况的方法。少

Investigation into raw materials and the making process of calcium carbonate be used for pigments, wall painting and plaster works is important for conservation and restoration of cultural properties. Limestone and shells are known as the calcium carbonate raw materials. It was known well that Ruditapes, Crassostea and Meretrix were written in literature and used in the plasterer.We discriminated limestone and shells used for calcium carbonate by the form with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The crushed shells have a unique form each other and showed different form from it of limestone. After calcination, the form of limestone and shells remained the crushed form with porous structure on the surface. The size of vacancies of limestone was extremely smaller than that of shells. Although the slaked and carbonated limestone remained its form, the form of shells is fragile and became powder. The results indicated that the distinction of limestone and shell is possible … More by the form of particle. It is possible to know that the raw material of CaCO_3 is shell or stone, even shell's type. We focused the differences of biomineral growth of shells, and tried to make a chart for distinguish each shell. The chart is easy to use with microscope. Furthermore, the compound of calcinated particle is epitaxially growth and the shape of shell structure is kept after calcination. The shape of shell has a lot vacancy, become fragile. In limestone, it has more hardness than the shell. We can know the particle was calcinated or not. It is clear that observation with microscope produce more information than instrumental analysis.On the other hand, we also observed the form of these materials after exposure test in outside and in inside. As a result, we can know a kind of the original materials although the transparency and the coarse on surface were different from control.Finally we established the method how to know the original materials and the condition of deterioration of cultural properties using CaCO3. Less