Nerve regeneration promoted in a tube with vascularity containing bone-marrow-derived cells

骨髓源性细胞(BMC)是一种多能细胞，具有向骨、软骨、脂肪、肌肉或神经元(如神经元和神经胶质细胞)分化的潜能。在Lewis大鼠坐骨神经上建立了含有逆蒂腓肠血管的硅胶管模型。从大鼠股骨骨髓中取出约1×10~(-7)的骨髓细胞进行体外培养，将其移植到15 mm长的硅胶管室中。在术后12周和24周，接受骨髓基质细胞移植的含血管管道的神经再生显著高于未接受细胞的管道。将成纤维细胞而不是骨髓细胞移植到含有血管的管内会导致轴突再生减少，这比没有接受细胞的含血管的管内的再生要差。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)研究表明，在含有移植BMCs的含血管管中，再生神经中约29%的细胞来自BMCs。经原位杂交和PKH26预标记法鉴定为BMC来源的细胞S100和GFAP染色阳性。移植的骨髓细胞在神经化学因素的影响下分化为表型与雪旺细胞相似的细胞，并通过从预先插入管内的血管中获取营养而存活下来。因此，它们的功能类似于雪旺细胞，促进神经再生。

Bone-marrow-derived cells (BMCs) are multipotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or neuronal lineages such as neurons and glial cells. A silicone-tube model containing reverse-pedicled sural vessels was created in the sciatic nerves of Lewis rats. About 1 x 10^7 BMCs, removed from the bone marrow of synergetic rat femurs and cultured in vitro, were transplanted into the 15 mm long chambers of the silicone tubes. Nerve regeneration in vessel-containing tubes that had received BMCs was significantly greater at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery than that in tubes that did not receive cells. Transplantation of fibroblasts instead of BMCs into the vessel-containing tube resulted in reduced axonal regeneration, which was inferior to regeneration in the vessel-containing tube that did not receive cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that in vessel-containing tubes containing transplanted BMCs, about 29% of cells in the regenerated nerve originated from BMCs. Cells identified by in situ hybridization and PKH26 prelabeling as being of BMC origin stained positively for S100 and GFAP. Transplanted BMCs differentiated into cells with phenotypes similar to those of Schwann cells under the influence of neurochemical factors and survived by obtaining nutrients from vessels that had been preinserted into the tube. They thus functioned similarly to Schwann cells, promoting nerve regeneration.