Four-Dimensional Structure of Atmospheric Waves and Energy Transportation

1.开展了三次无线电探空活动，通过常规探空观测，弄清了大气重力波和潮汐，以及重力波与对流层和平流层平均风的相互作用.利用赤道大气雷达和TRMM卫星研究了赤道大气雷达上的重力波活动。讨论了地形的影响。结合印度MST雷达观测结果，发现热带对流是重力波的重要来源。利用无线电探空仪和GPS掩星观测资料，阐明了平流层Kelvin波的结构、与对流层源的联系以及长期变化。利用MLT雷达网、无线电探空仪、OLR资料和TIMED卫星资料，对5-8天周期波的结构、对流层传播以及主要分量的转换进行了研究。对流层和平流层大气波的位能（Ep）已被广泛应用于大气物理学中。 ...更多信息 n使用GPS无线电掩星数据进行分析。对流层对流和QBQ-大气波相互作用产生的波是产生Ep气候的主要因素.利用雅加达和印度的雷达，已经澄清了大气潮汐的变化、MLT地区和平流层QBO之间的关系、MLT中纬向环流的趋势。利用气辉成像仪和模型，已经澄清了短周期（<60 mim）重力波的解释以及与累积对流的联系。通过雷达与成像仪和激光雷达的合作观测，弄清了风与电离层等离子体、风与金属层之间的相互作用，通过地面和卫星观测，弄清了累积对流引起的大气波生成和传播的四维结构（时间、高度、空间分布）。此外，长期观测数据（卫星、MLT雷达、卫星）一直在澄清赤道动力学的长期变化。少

1. Radiosonde campaigns were carried out for three times, and with routine sonde observations atmospheric gravity waves and tides, and interaction between gravity waves and mean winds in the troposphere and the stratosphere have been clarified.2. Gravity wave activities over Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) have been studied with the EAR and TRMM satellite. Effect of topography was discussed. By combining Indian MST radar results, tropical convections have been found to be an important source of gravity waves.3. Structures, association with tropospheric sources, and long term variabilities of stratospheric Kelvin waves have been clarified with radiosondes and GPS occultation measurements.4. With an MLT radar network, radiosondes, OLR data and TIMED satellite data, structures, propagation from troposphere, as well as transitions of dominant components have been clarified on 5-8 day period waves.5. Potential energies (Ep) of atmospheric waves in the troposphere and stratosphere have bee … More n analyzed using GPS radio occultation data. Wave generations by tropospheric convections and QBQ-atmospheric wave interactions are found to be the major factor of producing Ep climatology.6. Variabilities of atmospheric tides, relations between QBOs in the MLT region and in the stratosphere, trends of meridional circulations in the MLT have been clarified using radars in Jakarta and India.7. Propagations of short-period (<60 mim) gravity waves and associations with cumulous convections has been clarified with airglow imagers and modelings.8. Interactions between wind and ionospheric plasmas, and between winds and metallic layers have been clarified with collaborative radar observations with imagers and lidars.To summarize, four-dimensional structures (time, height, spatial distributions) of generations and propagations of atmospheric waves caused by cumulous convections have been clarified with ground-based and satellite observations. Also, long term observational data (EAR, MLT radars, satellites) have been clarifying long-term variabilities of equatorial dynamics. Less