Scientific study on the 19th museum objects of Toyota Collection

丰田收藏的许多技术和科学物品以及日本17至20世纪的相关博物馆收藏，如光学，医疗工具，测量工具，玩具，钟表，枪支等，通过X射线照相术和X射线荧光分析（XRF）进行了检查。我们使用了一种数字X射线摄影，富士计算机X射线摄影（FCR）。FCR使用涂有荧光材料的成像板代替X射线胶片。由于FCR成像板的动态范围宽，对不同厚度的物体都能得到清晰的图像，因此可以非常清楚地揭示各种物体的结构和机理。我们还用X射线荧光分析了在江户时代末期（世纪中期）由锅岛勋爵收集的许多颜料。分析表明，他的收藏中包括一些江户时代以后从国外进口的颜料。这一结果对日本多色画的年代学研究具有重要意义。

Many technical and scientific objects of Toyota Collection and related museum collections from 17th to 20th centuries in Japan such as optics, medical tools, metrical tools, toys, clocks, guns, etc., were examined by X-ray radiography and by X-ray fluorescent analysis (XRF). We used a kind of digital X-ray radiography, Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR). The FCR uses an imaging plate coated with fluorescent material instead of an X-ray film. Since FCR gives a fine and clear image for an object with various thickness because of a wide dynamic range of the imaging plate, the results revealed the structures and mechanisms of various objects very clearly. We also analyzed many pigments collected by Lord Nabeshima at the end of Edo period (middle of 19th century) by XRF. The analysis showed some imported pigments from abroad only after Edo period are included in his collection. This result is important for the chronology of polychromy in Japan.